Free Ultimate PANRE Question and Answers

Question 1

What is regarded as the initial course of treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Accepted Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Beta-blockers are considered the initial course of treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). They work by reducing heart rate, increasing diastolic filling time, and decreasing myocardial contractility. This helps to reduce the dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and alleviate symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and syncope, thereby improving the patient's quality of life.

Question 2

Which medication has the strongest evidence connecting it to aplastic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Carbamazepine

Answer

Carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant medication, has the strongest evidence connecting it to aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a rare but severe condition where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells. Due to this potential adverse effect, patients on carbamazepine require regular monitoring of their complete blood count (CBC) to detect early signs of bone marrow suppression.

Question 3

Which of the following does NOT indicate that you have Cushing syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hair growth

Answer

Decreased hair growth is NOT a characteristic symptom of Cushing syndrome. Cushing syndrome, caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels, typically presents with symptoms such as central obesity, 'moon face,' thin skin with striae, and often hirsutism (increased hair growth), especially in women. Increased hair growth, not decreased, is a common dermatological manifestation.

Question 4

Which of the following methods of transmission of hepatitis C is most frequent?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Answer

The most frequent method of transmission for hepatitis C is through blood-to-blood contact. This primarily occurs through sharing contaminated needles for injection drug use, but also historically through blood transfusions before widespread screening. While sexual transmission is possible, it is much less efficient than blood-borne routes, and fecal-oral transmission is not a route for Hepatitis C.

Question 5

Which of the following diuretics inhibits chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henie while treating hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Furosemide

Answer

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that primarily acts on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. It inhibits the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter, which is responsible for reabsorbing chloride, sodium, and potassium ions. By blocking this transporter, furosemide prevents chloride reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of these electrolytes and water, making it effective in treating hypertension and edema.

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Free Ultimate PANRE Question and Answers