TOEFL Sample Test
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a tool used for gauging and recording brain
2. waves. In 1929, Hans Berger, the German psychiatrist, published the results of
3. his experiments using electroencephalograph in recording human brain
4. waves.
5. Four major brain waves exist: alpha has a frequency that ranges from 8 to 14
6. cycles per second (cps) and is found in the occipital part of the brain. Beta
7. covers 14 to 30 cps. Delta wave includes frequencies that are below 5 cps. Theta
8. wave covers the range between 5 to 8 cps. Alpha waves are more active
9. during relaxation and light sleep. Nonetheless, there function is altered by deep
10. mental activities. Beta waves, on the other hand, appear during mental
concentration periods.
12. In 1935, the findings of collaborators Frederic Gibbs, William Lennox, and
13. Hallowelle Davis from Harvard on the use of EEG in epilepsy was published.
14. Since EEG poses no pain or side effects, it is broadly included as a medium for
15. identifying brain irregularities. The EEG is instrumental in discovering a host
16. of brain wave abnormalities. Person who suffer from grand mal epilepsy have
17. brain wave patterns that resemble the spikes, while with those with petit mal epilepsy
18. have arch-shaped brain waves. Brain waves respond to physiological and
19. chemical stimuli. For instance, the use of drugs will result in low-amplitude,
20. high frequency brain waves. When we are sleep, the waves' pattern changes a
21. few times. Dreaming frequently happens when the brain waves have high
22. frequency but low amplitude.
In line 14, the word "it" refers to which of the following?
The word "it" refers to EEG in line 14.
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
In line 3, the word "thrive" is closest in meaning to which of the following?
"Thrive" means "flourish" in this context. In other contexts, it means "succeed" or "prosper."
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a tool used for gauging and recording brain
2. waves. In 1929, Hans Berger, the German psychiatrist, published the results of
3. his experiments using electroencephalograph in recording human brain
4. waves.
5. Four major brain waves exist: alpha has a frequency that ranges from 8 to 14
6. cycles per second (cps) and is found in the occipital part of the brain. Beta
7. covers 14 to 30 cps. Delta wave includes frequencies that are below 5 cps. Theta
8. wave covers the range between 5 to 8 cps. Alpha waves are more active
9. during relaxation and light sleep. Nonetheless, there function is altered by deep
10. mental activities. Beta waves, on the other hand, appear during mental
concentration periods.
12. In 1935, the findings of collaborators Frederic Gibbs, William Lennox, and
13. Hallowelle Davis from Harvard on the use of EEG in epilepsy was published.
14. Since EEG poses no pain or side effects, it is broadly included as a medium for
15. identifying brain irregularities. The EEG is instrumental in discovering a host
16. of brain wave abnormalities. Person who suffer from grand mal epilepsy have
17. brain wave patterns that resemble the spikes, while with those with petit mal epilepsy
18. have arch-shaped brain waves. Brain waves respond to physiological and
19. chemical stimuli. For instance, the use of drugs will result in low-amplitude,
20. high frequency brain waves. When we are sleep, the waves' pattern changes a
21. few times. Dreaming frequently happens when the brain waves have high
22. frequency but low amplitude.
According to the passage which of the following brain waves has the highest frequency range?
The answer to this question is directly stated in lines 6-7, "Beta covers 14 to 30 cps."
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
The word "spot" in line 6 is closest to which of the following?
The word "spot" means "locate" in this context; it has several other meanings in other contexts.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Choice (A) best expresses the main idea of the passage. Choices (B), (C), and (D) are stated in the passage, but they are too specific to express the main idea of the passage.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a tool used for gauging and recording brain
2. waves. In 1929, Hans Berger, the German psychiatrist, published the results of
3. his experiments using electroencephalograph in recording human brain
4. waves.
5. Four major brain waves exist: alpha has a frequency that ranges from 8 to 14
6. cycles per second (cps) and is found in the occipital part of the brain. Beta
7. covers 14 to 30 cps. Delta wave includes frequencies that are below 5 cps. Theta
8. wave covers the range between 5 to 8 cps. Alpha waves are more active
9. during relaxation and light sleep. Nonetheless, there function is altered by deep
10. mental activities. Beta waves, on the other hand, appear during mental
concentration periods.
12. In 1935, the findings of collaborators Frederic Gibbs, William Lennox, and
13. Hallowelle Davis from Harvard on the use of EEG in epilepsy was published.
14. Since EEG poses no pain or side effects, it is broadly included as a medium for
15. identifying brain irregularities. The EEG is instrumental in discovering a host
16. of brain wave abnormalities. Person who suffer from grand mal epilepsy have
17. brain wave patterns that resemble the spikes, while with those with petit mal epilepsy
18. have arch-shaped brain waves. Brain waves respond to physiological and
19. chemical stimuli. For instance, the use of drugs will result in low-amplitude,
20. high frequency brain waves. When we are sleep, the waves' pattern changes a
21. few times. Dreaming frequently happens when the brain waves have high
22. frequency but low amplitude.
In line 9, the word "altered" could best replaced by which of the following?
Altered should be replaced by Changed so that the paragraph has the same meaning.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
The passage suggests that a ''waggle dance" is
Even though the information is not explicitly given, it is the only choice that can be inferred.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
The word "recent" in line 2 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
The word "recent" means "modern" in this context.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a tool used for gauging and recording brain
2. waves. In 1929, Hans Berger, the German psychiatrist, published the results of
3. his experiments using electroencephalograph in recording human brain
4. waves.
5. Four major brain waves exist: alpha has a frequency that ranges from 8 to 14
6. cycles per second (cps) and is found in the occipital part of the brain. Beta
7. covers 14 to 30 cps. Delta wave includes frequencies that are below 5 cps. Theta
8. wave covers the range between 5 to 8 cps. Alpha waves are more active
9. during relaxation and light sleep. Nonetheless, there function is altered by deep
10. mental activities. Beta waves, on the other hand, appear during mental
concentration periods.
12. In 1935, the findings of collaborators Frederic Gibbs, William Lennox, and
13. Hallowelle Davis from Harvard on the use of EEG in epilepsy was published.
14. Since EEG poses no pain or side effects, it is broadly included as a medium for
15. identifying brain irregularities. The EEG is instrumental in discovering a host
16. of brain wave abnormalities. Person who suffer from grand mal epilepsy have
17. brain wave patterns that resemble the spikes, while with those with petit mal epilepsy
18. have arch-shaped brain waves. Brain waves respond to physiological and
19. chemical stimuli. For instance, the use of drugs will result in low-amplitude,
20. high frequency brain waves. When we are sleep, the waves' pattern changes a
21. few times. Dreaming frequently happens when the brain waves have high
22. frequency but low amplitude.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Although choices (B), (C), and (D) are mentioned in the passage, they are specific supports. (A) summarizes the main idea of the passage.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a tool used for gauging and recording brain
2. waves. In 1929, Hans Berger, the German psychiatrist, published the results of
3. his experiments using electroencephalograph in recording human brain
4. waves.
5. Four major brain waves exist: alpha has a frequency that ranges from 8 to 14
6. cycles per second (cps) and is found in the occipital part of the brain. Beta
7. covers 14 to 30 cps. Delta wave includes frequencies that are below 5 cps. Theta
8. wave covers the range between 5 to 8 cps. Alpha waves are more active
9. during relaxation and light sleep. Nonetheless, there function is altered by deep
10. mental activities. Beta waves, on the other hand, appear during mental
concentration periods.
12. In 1935, the findings of collaborators Frederic Gibbs, William Lennox, and
13. Hallowelle Davis from Harvard on the use of EEG in epilepsy was published.
14. Since EEG poses no pain or side effects, it is broadly included as a medium for
15. identifying brain irregularities. The EEG is instrumental in discovering a host
16. of brain wave abnormalities. Person who suffer from grand mal epilepsy have
17. brain wave patterns that resemble the spikes, while with those with petit mal epilepsy
18. have arch-shaped brain waves. Brain waves respond to physiological and
19. chemical stimuli. For instance, the use of drugs will result in low-amplitude,
20. high frequency brain waves. When we are sleep, the waves' pattern changes a
21. few times. Dreaming frequently happens when the brain waves have high
22. frequency but low amplitude.
How are the brain waves of a patient with grandmal epilepsy different from that of a healthy person?
Lines 16-17 state that grand mal epilepsy results in brain wave patterns that resemble spikes.
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
What is the main topic of the passage ?
Even though bryophytes, liverworts, mosses, lichens, and sedges are mentioned in the passage, most of the passage deals with different kinds of liverworts. Do not be tricked into choosing (A) even though bryophytes are explained and supported; they are not the main portion of the passage.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
The word "conversely"in line 10 could best be replaced by which of the following?
"Conversely" means "on the other hand." Although "despite" and "in spite of" show opposition, they are prepositions and here the sentence requires a transition.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a tool used for gauging and recording brain
2. waves. In 1929, Hans Berger, the German psychiatrist, published the results of
3. his experiments using electroencephalograph in recording human brain
4. waves.
5. Four major brain waves exist: alpha has a frequency that ranges from 8 to 14
6. cycles per second (cps) and is found in the occipital part of the brain. Beta
7. covers 14 to 30 cps. Delta wave includes frequencies that are below 5 cps. Theta
8. wave covers the range between 5 to 8 cps. Alpha waves are more active
9. during relaxation and light sleep. Nonetheless, there function is altered by deep
10. mental activities. Beta waves, on the other hand, appear during mental
concentration periods.
12. In 1935, the findings of collaborators Frederic Gibbs, William Lennox, and
13. Hallowelle Davis from Harvard on the use of EEG in epilepsy was published.
14. Since EEG poses no pain or side effects, it is broadly included as a medium for
15. identifying brain irregularities. The EEG is instrumental in discovering a host
16. of brain wave abnormalities. Person who suffer from grand mal epilepsy have
17. brain wave patterns that resemble the spikes, while with those with petit mal epilepsy
18. have arch-shaped brain waves. Brain waves respond to physiological and
19. chemical stimuli. For instance, the use of drugs will result in low-amplitude,
20. high frequency brain waves. When we are sleep, the waves' pattern changes a
21. few times. Dreaming frequently happens when the brain waves have high
22. frequency but low amplitude.
According to the passage, Beta waves are active during which of the following ?
The answer to this question is directly stated in lines 10-11, therefore B is the correct answer.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a tool used for gauging and recording brain
2. waves. In 1929, Hans Berger, the German psychiatrist, published the results of
3. his experiments using electroencephalograph in recording human brain
4. waves.
5. Four major brain waves exist: alpha has a frequency that ranges from 8 to 14
6. cycles per second (cps) and is found in the occipital part of the brain. Beta
7. covers 14 to 30 cps. Delta wave includes frequencies that are below 5 cps. Theta
8. wave covers the range between 5 to 8 cps. Alpha waves are more active
9. during relaxation and light sleep. Nonetheless, there function is altered by deep
10. mental activities. Beta waves, on the other hand, appear during mental
concentration periods.
12. In 1935, the findings of collaborators Frederic Gibbs, William Lennox, and
13. Hallowelle Davis from Harvard on the use of EEG in epilepsy was published.
14. Since EEG poses no pain or side effects, it is broadly included as a medium for
15. identifying brain irregularities. The EEG is instrumental in discovering a host
16. of brain wave abnormalities. Person who suffer from grand mal epilepsy have
17. brain wave patterns that resemble the spikes, while with those with petit mal epilepsy
18. have arch-shaped brain waves. Brain waves respond to physiological and
19. chemical stimuli. For instance, the use of drugs will result in low-amplitude,
20. high frequency brain waves. When we are sleep, the waves' pattern changes a
21. few times. Dreaming frequently happens when the brain waves have high
22. frequency but low amplitude.
The word "recording" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
The logical choice is (A). Once the EEG measures the brain waves, it has to "register" them.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
The author's purpose in using "the slow and fast tempo movements" (line 8) is to
The author clarifies "the figure-eight waggle dance" by giving specific details for the dance.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
According to passage, all of the following are signaled by the "dance routine" EXCEPT
Whenever the question uses the word EXCEPT, exclude all choices mentioned in the passage. The correct response is the one not mentioned in the passage. Choices (A), (B), and (D) are mentioned in the topic sentence of the second paragraph.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
According to passage, how does a worker find the right path to the food source?
This information is given in the topic sentence of the third paragraph (line 13).
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom
1. The leading causes of amnesia are either physical or psychological. In
2. antergrade amnesia, the subject is unable to recall the events that occur after
3. a shock or an injury to the brain; however, past memories will not be lost. In
4. retrograde amnesia, the patient is capable of recalling events that occurs after the
5. trauma; interestingly enough, information stored before the shock, is lost and
6. cannot be retrieved. In paraamnesisa, established memories are contorted. In
7. psychogenic fugue, the subject may venture into a new lifestyle, trying to
8. repress memories which lead to trepidation. The events happening during
9. psychogenic fugue are non-retrievable. Nonetheless, the experiences that
10. happened before the onset can be recovered. Among the most popular
11. treatments for psychologically related amnesia are psychotherapy, the use of
12. drugs, and hypnosis.
What is the main topic of the passage?
The passage mainly gives supporting details for different types of amnesia.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom
1. The leading causes of amnesia are either physical or psychological. In
2. antergrade amnesia, the subject is unable to recall the events that occur after
3. a shock or an injury to the brain; however, past memories will not be lost. In
4. retrograde amnesia, the patient is capable of recalling events that occurs after the
5. trauma; interestingly enough, information stored before the shock, is lost and
6. cannot be retrieved. In paraamnesisa, established memories are contorted. In
7. psychogenic fugue, the subject may venture into a new lifestyle, trying to
8. repress memories which lead to trepidation. The events happening during
9. psychogenic fugue are non-retrievable. Nonetheless, the experiences that
10. happened before the onset can be recovered. Among the most popular
11. treatments for psychologically related amnesia are psychotherapy, the use of
12. drugs, and hypnosis.
In line 8, the word "trepidation" could best be replaced by
The passages says that "In psychogenic fugue, the subject may venture into a new lifestyle, trying to repress memories which lead to trepidation." If the word "trepidation" were replaced by "anxiety," the meaning would be kept the same.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom:
1. Researchers in the field of animal behavior have long been interested in the
2. ways animals and insects communicate. The most recent findings show that
3. honeybees communicate mostly through "dances".
4. By performing certain dance routines, the workers let the other members know
5. of the location of the food source, its direction and its distance. If the workers
6. spot pollen and nectar in the flowers near their hive, they do the circular dance.
7. On the other hand, when the food site is remote, they perform a figure-eight
8. waggle dance, in which the slow and fast tempo movements will inform the other
9. members of the distance to the food source.For instance, a slow waggle of the lower
10. part of the abdomen signifies a far-distance, demanding flight. Conversely, a rapid
11. waggle indicates within- reach trip. Variations in the dance form exist among
12. different species.
13. The bee's orientation on the comb is a key directional cue for the bees. In the
14. absence of sun light on the comb, the bees waggle moving straight up. If the
15. sun's polarized light penetrates the hive, the bees can orient themselves
16. toward the direction of the sun's rays.
Where in the passage dose the author mention the variety in the dance form?
This information is explicitly stated in lines 11-12.
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