FREE TExES (ESL 154) Questions and Answers

Question 1

Through the use of simplified language, instructor modeling, visuals and graphics, cooperative learning, and hands-on learning, scaffolding refers to supplying contextual supports for meaning (Ovando, Collier, & Combs, 2003, p. 345).

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding Learning

Answer

The provided definition precisely describes 'scaffolding learning' in an educational context, especially for ESL students. Scaffolding refers to the strategic provision of temporary support, such as simplified language, visuals, and cooperative learning, to help learners grasp new concepts and develop skills. This support is gradually withdrawn as the learner becomes more proficient and independent.

Question 2

Negative Transfer (Interference): Using pronunciation, rules, idioms, or words with different meanings or implications.

Accepted Answer

Common Difficulties in a 2nd Language

Answer

Negative transfer, also known as interference, occurs when a learner applies rules, pronunciations, or vocabulary from their first language (L1) to their second language (L2) in an inappropriate way. This often leads to errors or misunderstandings in the target language. It is a common difficulty specifically encountered when acquiring a second language, as learners draw on their existing linguistic knowledge.

Question 3

is an effective teaching technique whereby small groups of students, each with varying degrees of aptitude, employ a range of learning exercises to increase their grasp of a subject.

Accepted Answer

Cooperative Learing

Answer

The definition accurately describes cooperative learning as an effective teaching technique. It involves small groups of students, often with varying aptitudes, working collaboratively on a range of learning exercises to deepen their understanding of a subject. This approach fosters peer interaction, mutual support, and shared responsibility for achieving learning outcomes.

Question 4

"Conscious learning can only serve as a monitor or an editor,"

Accepted Answer

Monitor Hypothesis

Answer

The statement 'Conscious learning can only serve as a monitor or an editor' is a core tenet of Stephen Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that consciously learned language rules (e.g., grammar rules) act as an 'editor' or 'monitor' to correct or refine language produced by the subconsciously acquired system. It suggests that conscious learning does not initiate language production itself.

Question 5

Input, Monitor, Natural Order, Acquisition/Learning, Affective Filter, and Input Hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

Krashen's 5 hypotheses

Answer

These six concepts—Input, Monitor, Natural Order, Acquisition/Learning, Affective Filter, and Input Hypotheses—are the foundational components of Stephen Krashen's highly influential theory of second language acquisition. Krashen proposed these five main hypotheses to explain how individuals acquire a second language. The 'Acquisition-Learning' distinction is often considered the first, and the 'Input' hypothesis is central to his theory.

TExES Exam Practice Test

TExES Exam Practice Test

FREE TExES (ESL 154) Questions and Answers