People who are lactose intolerant are more likely to accept Greek yogurt than other dairy products because it is thicker than conventional whole-fat yogurt, more of the whey is eliminated, and the lactose is part of the whey. Due to a lack of the enzyme required to digest lactose, those lactose intolerant experience stomach pain, gas, distention, and diarrhea after consuming dairy products. Today, certain dairy products are lactose-free, and Lactaid® can be used to supplement lost enzymes.
The patient is at risk for developing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can result in renal failure, after consuming (O157.H7)-contaminated vegetables and experiencing cramping in the abdomen and non-bloody diarrhea that continued for 48 hours before becoming bloody for four days. The risk of developing HUS is highest in children under five or older. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and severe renal failure are the hallmarks of HUS.
Multi-use vials accessed and used should be disposed of within 28 days unless the manufacturer specifies otherwise. Preservatives are included in multi-use vials. However, they are susceptible to bacterial contamination and do not offer virus protection. To avoid accidental contamination, multi-use vials should, wherever feasible, be designated for just one patient and kept in a different location from the treatment area. A fresh needle and syringe should be used each time the vial is accessed.
Although it does not cure respiratory depression, Romazicon (Flumazenil®) is a reversal medication for excessive sedation of a patient who has received a benzodiazepine. Romazicon is injected intravenously in increments of 0.2 mg over 30 seconds, with further doses given as necessary at one-minute intervals. The third and subsequent dosages are 0.5 mg, with the second dose being 0.3 mg. Naloxone is used to treat opioid overdoses, epinephrine treats asystole, VF, and PEA urgently, and N-acetylcysteine treats acetaminophen overdose.
Chest discomfort, dysphagia, and tachycardia are signs that a perforation needs urgent care after an esophagoscopy to acquire a biopsy of the thoracic esophagus. Fever frequently comes on quickly, and since air is leaking into the mediastinum, the Hamann's sign—a crushing, rasping sound that coincides with the heartbeat—is a good indicator. Perforation is often verified radiologically, although CT or endoscopy may be required if the perforation cannot be detected on an X-ray.
Patients who combine metoclopramide with haloperidol are more likely to get tardive dyskinesia due to this medication interaction. Both medications can potentially create uncontrolled movement problems, and their combination can have a fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome. With metoclopramide medication lasting more than 12 weeks, there is an increased chance of developing tardive dyskinesia. Numerous additional medications, such as phenothiazines and other antipsychotics, as well as metoclopramide, may interact with one another.
A nose stud and enclosing lip ring should be taken out of a patient who has a colonoscopy before the procedure because they increase the risk of trauma and aspiration if they get dislodged. Nose studs are removed by gently pressing down while pushing outward. Enclosed lip rings can be removed by applying pressure within the call to drive the ends apart. A bead on the back of jewelry of the barbell style unscrews counterclockwise.
