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Researchers examining how toxic air affects our sleep believe there may be a connection between air pollution and restless nights. The amount of time participants spent sleeping in bed at night as opposed to being awake was examined in the study; this is known as sleep efficiency. The findings show that there is a correlation between a higher risk of experiencing poor sleep efficiency and increased exposure to nitrogen dioxide and PM 2.5s, which are tiny particles. Researchers speculate that this may be related to the physiological effects of air pollution.<br> <br> "Those pollutants can irritate your nose, sinuses, and back of your throat, which can cause some disruption in your sleep," stated Martha Billings, co-author of the study and assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. The study made use of nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 level air pollution data that were collected over a five-year period in six US cities, including data that was collected close to the 1,863 participants' houses. Estimates of the pollution levels in the residence were then produced using the data.<br> <br> Using the data, the researchers divided the participants into quarters based on how well they were able to sleep: the top quarter had a sleep efficiency of roughly 93% or more, while the lowest quarter had a sleep efficiency of 88% or less. After that, the individuals were divided into four groups by the team according to how much each group had been exposed to air pollution. The team discovered that those who were exposed to the highest levels of air pollution over a five-year period were more likely to be in the bottom group for sleep efficiency than those exposed to the lowest levels, even after accounting for a wide range of factors like age, smoking status, and conditions like obstructive sleep apnea.<br> <br> More precisely, high levels of PM2.5s raised the odds of poor sleep efficiency by nearly 50%, whereas high levels of nitrogen dioxide increased the odds by nearly 60%. Increased amounts of time spent awake following sleep have also been associated with higher pollution levels. It's unclear, though, if the participants' reduced sleep quality was caused by the pollution per se or if other elements connected to pollution, like traffic noise, were at blame. Furthermore, a person's normal sleep pattern may not be reflected in data gathered from a single week of sleep.<br> <br> A link between pollution and sleep was not surprising, according to Roy Harrison, professor of environmental health at the University of Birmingham. Scott Weichenthal, an epidemiologist from McGill University in Canada who was not involved in the study, said the research did not prove that air pollution caused poor sleep, but he added that "there is certainly increasing evidence that air pollution affects our body in ways that we didn't appreciate before." "Previous studies have demonstrated links between exposure to nitrogen dioxide and impacts on a range of physiological and biochemical processes within the body, in addition to hospitalizations and death," the speaker stated. Therefore, it should not be shocking that these exposures have an impact on sleep patterns.<br> <br> First paragraph writer defines sleep efficiency as