Observational measures involve directly observing and recording participants' behavior, actions, or activities without relying on their self-reporting.
Physiological measures involve assessing bodily responses to understand changes in psychological states or reactions.
The independent variable is the variable that the researcher manipulates or controls. In this study, the independent variable is "Digit recitation" because the participants are exposed to different conditions of reciting digits.
The variance is the square of the standard deviation. So, if the standard deviation is 5, the variance would be 5^2 = 25.
Cognitive self-report measures focus on gathering information about what people think, their beliefs, attitudes, or opinions through questionnaires or interviews. This helps researchers understand the cognitive aspects of individuals' thoughts and mental processes related to a particular topic or situation.
Non-equivalent samples refer to situations where the groups are not equivalent due to individual differences among participants. In this study, there might be participant variables that are not controlled, leading to non-equivalent groups and potential confounding factors.
Behavioral self-report measures involve individuals reporting their own actions, behaviors, or activities through questionnaires or interviews. This provides insights into their real-life behaviors and actions in various situations.
Validity is the degree to which a measurement accurately assesses the specific construct or concept it is intended to measure, ensuring that it is not influenced by other factors or unrelated variables.
Cognitive self-report measures focus on gathering information about what people think, their beliefs, attitudes, or opinions through questionnaires or interviews.
To find the mean, add up all the values and then divide by the number of values. (7 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 4) / 5 = 25 / 5 = 5.
Psychometrics is the field that deals with the development, evaluation, and improvement of psychological and behavioral measurement instruments, including tests, questionnaires, and other assessment tools.
The dependent variable is the variable that is measured and influenced by the independent variable. In this study, the dependent variable is "The number of correctly recalled words" because it is expected to be affected by the manipulation of "Digit recitation."
Affective self-report measures are used to assess individuals' emotions, feelings, or moods through self-reports, such as asking them how they feel.
A true experiment involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the random assignment of participants to different conditions. In this study, the researcher manipulates "Digit recitation" and assigns participants randomly to different groups.
The mode is the value that appears most frequently in the dataset. In this case, the number 17 appears three times, which is more frequent than any other value.
To find the median, arrange the values in ascending order and find the middle value. In this case, the middle values are 17 and 19, and the median is the average of these two numbers, which is (17 + 19) / 2 = 36 / 2 = 18.
