Giving Oxygen to a cardiac patient as soon as possible can help reduce damage to the heart muscle.
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The normal heart rate for a newborn is 140 – 160 and an infant’s is 120 – 140 beats per minutes. Children between the ages of 1-6 have a heart rate of 100 – 120, while children over the age of 6 have a heart rate of 80 – 100 BPM.
The two-flap valve is called the mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve. The three-flap valve is the tricuspid valve.
The heart, blood vessels and blood are all major components of the cardiovascular system. Myoglobin is a component of muscle. When large muscle masses are injured they give off myoglobin into the blood stream. Myoglobin molecules are large and cause problems with the renal system during times of trauma, elocution or burns.
The layers of the heart from the outer most to the innermost layer are: Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium. The pericardium is actually the protective sac which surrounds the heart. The heart is covered with a thin layer of slippery tissue called the epicardium, it provides a surface which can move inside the pericardium without causing friction. The myocardium is the muscle tissue of the heart which conducts electricity which causes the muscle to squeeze pumping blood. The endocardium is made of the same type of tissue as the epicardium. The endocardium is very smooth to prevent clots from forming and adhering to the valves.
Typical cardiac related chest pain is often referred to as a pressure, like "a ton of bricks on my chest" or an elephant sitting on their chest. You can rule out a cardiac event on type of chest pain described alone. Some patients will have atypical chest pain which could be described as anything from sharp pain to a pulled muscle to a tooth ache. Sharp stabbing pain, which can be located with one finger, is often a Pulmonary Embolism.
The pulmonary artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange. The pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood back to the heart. Typically, the arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart to the systemic circulation. Veins typically carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The aorta is the main artery exiting the left ventricle to the body and the vena cava returns blood back to the right side of the heart.
Coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is the number one threat to American health, killing an estimated 466,000 persons annually. While some predisposition to coronary heart disease is non-modifiable, many of the risk factors are behaviors that can be changed (e.g., obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking). While chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and traumatic injuries represent major health problems, they do not claim lives on the same magnitude of coronary heart disease.
The normal heart rate for a newborn is 140 – 160 and an infant’s is 120 – 140 beats per minutes. Children between the ages of 1-6 have a heart rate of 100 – 120, while children over the age of 6 have a heart rate of 80 – 100 BPM.
Blood enters the heart through the Inferior/superior vena cavae, to the right atrium, then the right ventricle. It then goes to the lungs through the pulmonary vein, returning through the left atrium, then the left ventricle, leaving through the aorta.
Geriatric patients do not always present the clear-cut signs and symptoms of cardiac problems. With the limited information given, this patient could be suffering from any of the above cardiac conditions, plus a wide variety of pulmonary illnesses as well.
The three-flap valve is called the tricuspid valve, and it divides the right atrium from the right ventricle.
The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle and prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium.
There is no information to indicate that the patient requires ventilatory support. Any patient experiencing chest discomfort should receive the highest possible concentration of oxygen.
Ventricular tachycardia often converts to ventricular fibrillation, a life-threatening heart rhythm that the AED is designed to correct.
Myocardial pain is often difficult to determine because it can take on many different characters; however, patients most commonly (over 40% of the time) describe the pain of a myocardial infarction as a crushing, squeezing pressure that radiates outward to the arms and upper back.
