1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
In line 9, the word "host"could best replaced by which of the following?
The word "host" means "group" in this context. Although all the other choices are attractive, they are not the correct answer.
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
According to the passage, the main function of a rhizoid is to
The answer to this question is stated in the first paragraph(line 10). When you read the passage, try to understand the relationship between the ideas. In other words, "What does a rhizoid do?" ; it supports the plant.
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that leafy liverworts
(A) and (C) are not true. (D) is not mentioned in the passage. (B) is the correct choice because it is supported in the first paragraph (lines 9-10).
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
It can be inferred that tundra is well suited for which of the following?
By reading the information in the first paragraph, (C) can be inferred. Liverworts are found on the floors and tree trunks of tropical forests because they do not have a strong root system; therefore, the tundra in Antarctica is a suitable place for them.
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
The author defines all of the following words EXCEPT
Exclude all the words that have been defined in the passage and select the word that is not defined. All the other words EXCEPT "vegetation" have been defined; consequently, (B) is correct.
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
What does the statement "The absence of a midrib is quite common in the bryophytes" in lines 11-12 mean?
To answer this question correctly, look for the closest synonym or the restatement of the statement. Choice (A) the most logical.
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
According to the passage, which of the following environments would LEAST likely promote
When the word LEAST is used in the question, exclude all the choices mentioned in the passage. The correct answer is the one that has not been mentioned in the passage; therefore, (D) is the correct response.
1. A division of the bryophytes, liverworts are relatively small plants which
2. have adapted to different habitats. Two species of liverworts, Riella and
3. Ricciocarpus, thrive in aquatic habitats. Some are found in the company of
4. other vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and sedges in the tundra in
5. Antarctica, while most others prefer moist, shady floors and tree trunks of
6. tropical forests. Leafy liverworts, with two or three rows of lobe-shaped
7. leaves which overlap incompletely, are discovered plentifully in the
8. tropical forests. These plants develop water storage pockets which become
9. home to a host of very small animals. They have a prostrate growth, and
10. single-cell rhizoids -- hairlike projections -- anchor the plant but are
11. incapable of transporting nutrients to the plants. The absence of midrib is
12. quite common bryophytes. Sphaerocarpo, a Thallus liverwort,
13. sometimes produces round rosettes or extended, flattened lobes.
14. The bryophytes not only aid soil formation on rocky and unproductive land
15. but balance the moisture content of the soil. Their epidermal cells -- outer
16. cells of the plant -- fused with significant air pores enclose the
17. photosynthetic cells. These pores play a major role in the photosynthetic
18. process in which carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off.
Why are the air pores important?
You must understand the relationship between ideas to answer this question correctly. This information can be inferred from the second paragraph (lines 16-18). Choices (A), (B), and (D) are not true.
Read the following paragraph and answer the question at the bottom
1. The leading causes of amnesia are either physical or psychological. In
2. antergrade amnesia, the subject is unable to recall the events that occur after
3. a shock or an injury to the brain; however, past memories will not be lost. In
4. retrograde amnesia, the patient is capable of recalling events that occurs after the
5. trauma; interestingly enough, information stored before the shock, is lost and
6. cannot be retrieved. In paraamnesisa, established memories are contorted. In
7. psychogenic fugue, the subject may venture into a new lifestyle, trying to
8. repress memories which lead to trepidation. The events happening during
9. psychogenic fugue are non-retrievable. Nonetheless, the experiences that
10. happened before the onset can be recovered. Among the most popular
11. treatments for psychologically related amnesia are psychotherapy, the use of
12. drugs, and hypnosis.
What is the main topic of the passage?
Click for next FREE TOEFL Test
TOEFL Practice Test #2
