US Pharmacopeia publishes and oversees USP-NF which contains standards for biological and chemical drugs substances, as well as standards for food ingredients and dietary supplements.
Handwashing should be done vigorously, making sure to include forearms to elbow for a minimum of 30 seconds with antimicrobial soap and water before donning gloves.
In 250 cc of 0.9 percent NaCl, there is a certain amount of sodium chloride.
2.25 gram NaCl = 250 x 0.9/100
Na+ = weight in grams = total equivalents
wt equivalent
0.03846 equivalents = 2.25/58.5
High alert medications cause a significant and considerable harm when used in error. metFORMIN is found on the list for community settings.
Therapeutic duplication identifies medications with the same indications or in the pharmacological class. Date written, brand/generic and drug classification are used to track prescriptions.
To solve this type of problem, we need to use alligation method.
75 20 (75%)
30
10 45 (10%)
Total parts 65 (30%)
To prepare 65 (30%) 20 parts (75%) need
To prepare 500 (30%) ?
= 500 x 20/65 = 153.84cc (75%) alcohol
If we mixed 153.84 cc of 75% alcohol with 346.16cc [500cc - 153.84] of 10% alcohol, then we can get 500cc of 30% alcohol solution.
The punch method is used to prepare capsules by punching the open end into dry powder until filled. Wet, Dry and Beaker methods are used to prepare emulsions.
Normality is defined as the number of gram equivalent weights of solute in one liter of solution, therefore a 1N solution of sodium bicarbonate will contain 84 gms in 1000 cc. We need to know how much sodium bicarbonate is in a 240cc, 0.1 N solution:
1 N solution contains 84 gm
0.1 N solution contains ?
= 0.1 x 84 = 8.4 gms/1000cc.
240cc solution will contain:
= 240 x 8.4/1000 = 2.016 gm of NaHCO3
The actual acquisition cost is what the pharmacy paid for the medication. DAW is dispense as written and are used for brand name medication; AWP is average wholesale price and is the price the wholesalers sell a medication; MAC is maximum allowable cost is used in calculating the reimbursement formula for generic medication.
A well closed container protect contents from solids and from loss of the article under normal conditions. Light resistant is used to protect from the effects of light. Tamper evident is used to seal that containers. Tight container protect from contamination by liquids.
Hydrocortisone concentration in 60 gm: 1%
Hydrocortisone (60/100) = 0.6 gram
2.5 percent hydrocortisone content in 80 gram
2 gm hydrocortisone = 80 x 2.5/100
the amount of hydrocortisone in the final combination as a percentage
= 100 x 2.6 (2gm + 0.6gm)/140 (80gm + 60gm)
= 1.85% w/w.
Using the converting factor of 20gtt per ml. Multiple 20 x 15 = 300. Divide product 300 by 4 = 75.
4000mg or 4gm per day is the maximum adult dose and is used to treat pain, fever and inflammation. Many physicians prescribe 81 to 325mg per day for antiplatelet effects.
As needed orders are filled or administered when a patient request it, but there may be limitations. STAT orders should be filled immediately or within 15 minutes. ASAP or as soon as possible. ASA stands for aspirin.
Physicians sometimes use abbreviations that are not approved or may be misinterpreted. All health care professionals will need to familiarize themselves with the TJC – Do Not Use list and ISMP Error Prone Abbreviation list. Sound alike, transcription and misinterpretation are errors caused by the pharmacy.
Risperdal 1mg tablets cost $ 2250 for 1000 tablets. The percentage markup on prescriptions is 20%.
As a result, the retail price of 1000 tablets would be as follows:
** For each $ 100 cost = $120 retail cost** = 120 x 2250/100 = $ 2700
The cost of 30 tablets would be:
$ 81 = 30 x 2700/1000
