Explanation:
The blood flow to visceral organs decreases during sympathetic stimulation, but increases under parasympathetic
stimulation. One function of the sympathetic nervous system is to increase blood flow to organs in demand of air or
nutrients. During the fight-or-flight response, vasodilation works to move blood away from the digestive system and
towards the muscles.
Explanation:
An exothermic reaction releases energy, whereas an endothermic reaction requires energy. The breakdown of a
chemical compound is an example of a decomposition reaction (AB → A + B.. A combination reaction (A + B →AB.
is the reverse of a decomposition reaction, and a replacement (displacement) reaction is one where compound
breaks apart and forms a new compound plus a free reactant (AB + C →AC + B or AB + CD → AD + CB.
Explanation:
During the digestion of a large meal, parietal cells in the stomach generate hydrochloric
acid (HCl) in exchange for a bicarbonate ion which enters the blood plasma, increasing the pH.
Explanation:
Enzyme inhibitors attach to an enzyme and block substrates from entering the active site, thereby
preventing enzyme activity. As stated in the question, cyanide is a poison that irreversibly binds to
an enzyme and blocks its active site, thus fitting the definition of an enzyme inhibitor.
Explanation:
The TCA cycle yields 2 GTPs (molecules that can be converted to ATP but are not ATP themselves), oxidative
phosphorylation, which includes the ETC, can yield from 32 to 34 ATP. Glycolysis yields 2 ATP. Beta oxidation
yields a range over 100 ATP that depends on the length of the fatty acid being degraded.
Explanation:
Virulent phages use the lytic cycle to infect an organism. The lytic cycle is the process by which a phage DNA
replicates itself via the host cell before causing the cell to lyse and release all of the phage’s replications.
Explanation:
Disaccharides such as sucrose, maltose, and lactose, etc., are broken down further into monosaccharides
(primarily glucose) in the small intestine by way of brush border enzymes lining microvilli of the small intestine.
Explanation:
Hemoglobin bonds most strongly with carbon monoxide as a result of the interaction of the orbitals of the
hemoglobin and the carbon monoxide molecule. The carbon forms an ionic bond with the hemoglobin’s iron,
and because of the joint configuration, the iron is able to donate additional electrons to the carbon monoxide.
Explanation:
Nondisjunction is when chromosomes do NOT separate during anaphase. Consequently, the resulting cells
display an unequal sharing of chromosomes, with some cells having too many, and others having too few.
Explanation:
Hair cells lining the basilar membrane utilize mechanotransduction to detect, to amplify, and to convert mechanical
sound waves into electrical signals. The resulting action potential then passes through the cochlear nerve to reach the brain.
Explanation:
A drop in blood pressure causes the renal cortex of the kidney to secrete EPO (erythropoietin) in an effort to
increase the blood pressure by increasing the synthesis of red blood cells. EPO is a necessary precursor for red
blood cell production to take place.
Explanation:
Intraocular pressure (IOP) poses the greatest risk of causing glaucoma. A reduction in the flow and drainage
of aqueous humor leads to a rise in IOP. The built up pressure eventually results in glaucoma and optic nerve
damage.
Explanation:
Ribosomes are manufactured inside of the nucleolus. RNA polymerases I and III work together to
create ribosomes from rRNA and proteins.
Explanation:
Axons are surrounded by insulating cells called Schwann cells. This insulation enables action potentials
to travel rapidly throughout the nervous system.
Explanation:
Transport of the NADH into the mitochondria in most cases requires 1 ATP. This is the reason that
prokaryotes often have a higher yield of ATP per glucose when compared to eukaryotes. Usually
38 ATP are produced per glucose for prokaryotes, and 36 per glucose for eukaryotes.
Explanation:
The left atrium connects to the left ventricle by way of the mitral valve. The left ventricle connects to the
aorta by way of the aortic valve. Blood flows from the pulmonary veins into the left atrium and through
the mitral valve (bicuspid valve), to the left ventricle then out through the aorta.
Explanation:
Proton pumps located along the inner mitochondrial membrane enable the passage of H+ across a concentration
gradient. These protons pass through ATP synthase in which an axel rotates to combine phosphate with ADP to
form ATP. Without the proton gradient, ATP synthase could not create ATP.
Explanation:
Genital warts are caused by the Human papillomavirus. AIDS is a consequence of the Human Immunodeficiency
Virus. The common cold is also a viral infectious disease. Syphilis, however, is the result of a bacterial infection.
Explanation:
The sinoatrial node (SA) is the main pacemaker of the heart, often initiating cardiac contraction due to
generating impulses faster than other pacemaker areas. The SA is referred to as the primary pacemaker.
Explanation:
Although the SA node is the primary pacemaker of the heart, in the absence of its operation, the AV
node will take over at a slower pace.
Explanation:
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not possess organelles (excluding the ribosomes). Bacteria are categorized
as prokaryotic and consequently do not possess a mitochondria
Explanation:
The liver and skeletal muscles are two of the major glycogen storage sites. The liver contains a high amount in
order to regulate blood sugar levels. The skeletal muscles contain a high amount of glycogen in order to satisfy
their energy demands.
Explanation:
In order to penetrate an egg, a spermatozoon must bind with the exterior of the egg. This binding takes place
by way of the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm penetrates the jelly coat of the egg to breach and fuse
with the egg plasma membrane before releasing its constituents into the eggs cytoplasm.
Explanation:
When the blood stream is over saturated with glucose (as a result of a meal high in carbohydrates), the pancreas
releases insulin in order to regulate the glucose levels in the blood.
Explanation:
Inflammation causes dilation, not constriction of blood vessels. This dilation of blood vessels is designed to
increase permeability across the blood vessels and facilitate mobility of white blood cells.
