Explanation:
Both alanine and valine are similar in size and hydrophobicity, so the change is less likely to cause significant disruption to the protein's structure or function compared to the other options.
Explanation:
The pH of the environment is higher than the pKa of the acid, so it's mostly deprotonated. When comparing the deprotonated form (A-) to the protonated form (HA), the ratio is approximately 1:100.
Explanation:
Integrins are transmembrane proteins that serve as receptors for extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. They play a crucial role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. Integrins typically bind to actin filaments inside the cell, forming focal adhesions that anchor the cell to the extracellular matrix. This interaction provides a firm attachment for cell adhesion and movement. Myosin, dynein, and kinesin are motor proteins involved in intracellular transport and movement along cytoskeletal filaments, while cyclin is a regulatory protein involved in cell cycle control and not directly associated with integrin binding in the extracellular matrix.
Explanation:
CAP (catabolite activator protein) requires binding to cyclic AMP (cAMP) to become active as a transcription activator. When bound to cAMP, CAP activates transcription by binding to the CAP site in the DNA, enhancing the recruitment of RNA polymerase. Without cAMP binding, CAP cannot activate transcription.
Explanation:
If both parents are carriers (Aa), there are four possible combinations of alleles for their children: AA, Aa, Aa, and aa.
Out of these possibilities:
*Only one results in the woman being homozygous for the normal allele (AA).
*Two result in her being a carrier (Aa).
*One results in her being homozygous for the disease-causing allele (aa).
So, the probability that the woman is a carrier for a disease-causing allele is 2 out of 3.
Explanation:
Exon shuffling is a process where exons from different genes are brought together, either through recombination events or transposition, to form new genes with novel functions. This process can result in the sharing of exons among different proteins, leading to the presence of common exons across multiple genes. Therefore, exon shuffling is the most likely explanation for why exons of TPA are also found in other proteins.
Explanation:
Frederick Griffith is incorrectly matched with his discovery. He is not associated with the discovery of transformation through bacteriophages. Instead, Frederick Griffith is known for his experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, which demonstrated the phenomenon of bacterial transformation, where harmless bacteria could become virulent through the uptake of genetic material from other bacteria.
Explanation:
The contractile ring, which forms during cytokinesis, is primarily composed of actin and myosin filaments. Myosin II, a molecular motor protein, interacts with actin filaments and plays a central role in generating contractile force during cytokinesis. As the contractile ring contracts, myosin motors slide actin filaments inward, leading to the division of the cell into two daughter cells. Therefore, when investigating proteins that localize to the contractile ring during cytokinesis, one should look for myosin, which is essential for its function.
Explanation:
This mating shows that white-eyed females result from inheriting the recessive allele from both parents, while red-eyed males demonstrate that eye color is inherited from the mother.
Explanation:
The mutation in option VPRNYELAD involves changing the amino acid at the fifth position from Glycine to Tyrosine. This alteration is more likely to lead to immune evasion as it significantly changes the peptide sequence within the epitope. Changing a small amino acid like Glycine to a larger one like Tyrosine can greatly affect the structure of the peptide and its recognition by the immune system. Thus, this mutation is most likely to result in immune evasion.
Explanation:
The statement that is NOT correct is: For most genes, ω = 1.
In reality, most genes don't evolve neutrally, so their ω values vary depending on the evolutionary pressures they face.
