In 330 AD, the Roman emperor Constantine I moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople.
Constantine was a Christian, and he wanted to make Constantinople a center of Christianity.
He built many churches in the city, including the Hagia Sophia, which is one of the most important churches in the world
Greek architect and urban planner Hippodamus of Miletus created the first grid-based city layout.
He is primarily remembered for rebuilding Miletus, which the Persians devastated in 494 BC.
The fair was a grand showcase of advancements in technology, arts, culture, and architecture from around the world.
Manhattan's Central Park. 40 million people visit it annually, making it the most frequented urban park in the US.
Damascus is the oldest continually inhabited city.
Syria has been inhabited for about 11,000 years.
Damascus, the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750 AD, was an important historic city.
Ebenezer Howard founded the Garden City Movement.
1850 London birth.
He believed a new metropolis was needed to solve urbanization's problems.
Welsh utopian socialist and social reformer Robert Owen was a key figure in the Industrial Revolution.
1771 birthplace: Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales.
In Manchester, England, he started as a textile producer and succeeded.
Brazilian architect Lucio Costa developed Brasilia, the new capital.
Costa conceived Brasilia as a modern metropolis with order, symmetry, and monumentality, influenced by the City Beautiful Movement.
Early American "speculators towns" are not Philadelphia.
William Penn planned Philadelphia in 1682.
Penn imagined a city with a grid system and a central park based on religious freedom and tolerance.
Oglethorpe intended to build a beautiful, practical metropolis inspired by the Enlightenment.
He gave Savannah a grid of streets and abundance of parks and green spaces.
American architect, urban planner, and landscape architect Daniel Burnham.
The Chicago World's Fair of 1893 and the Plan of Chicago, co-authored with Edward H. Bennett, are his most notable works.
Baron Haussmann was Seine Prefect from 1853 to 1870.
He rebuilt Paris with new boulevards, parks, and public buildings.
The town was designed to combine the benefits of both urban and rural living, with a focus on providing a healthy and pleasant living environment for its residents.
Spain built North American military presidios.
They were usually near Native American settlements or trade routes.
Spanish soldiers defended presidios and enforced Spanish law.
The first UK garden city was Letchworth.
Ebenezer Howard, Raymond Unwin, and Barry Parker created it in 1903.
The city was meant to blend metropolitan and country life.
Anyang is a historic city.
Shang dynasty capital from 1600 to 1046 BC.
The Anyang Oracle Bones, a collection of engraved bones and tortoise shells, provide Shang period history.
