"Standby" means the controller has acknowledged your call but cannot respond immediately. It does not grant any clearances or instructions.
In Class B airspace, pilots must receive explicit clearance ("Cleared into the Bravo") before entering. This ensures safe separation from other aircraft.
A steady green light from the control tower signals that the pilot is cleared to taxi. For takeoff clearance, a flashing green light is used.
Mode C transponders are required within the Mode C Veil, which extends 30 nautical miles around the primary airport of Class B airspace, to ensure effective radar monitoring.
"Mayday" is used in life-threatening emergencies, such as engine failure or severe medical issues, and is repeated three times to ensure clarity and urgency.
