"Mayday" is used in life-threatening emergencies, such as engine failure or severe medical issues, and is repeated three times to ensure clarity and urgency.
Mode C transponders are required within the Mode C Veil, which extends 30 nautical miles around the primary airport of Class B airspace, to ensure effective radar monitoring.
In Class B airspace, pilots must receive explicit clearance ("Cleared into the Bravo") before entering. This ensures safe separation from other aircraft.
"Standby" means the controller has acknowledged your call but cannot respond immediately. It does not grant any clearances or instructions.
A steady green light from the control tower signals that the pilot is cleared to taxi. For takeoff clearance, a flashing green light is used.
