Flaps are used to alter the wing's shape, increasing the lift at slower speeds and adding drag to assist in controlled descent during landings. This allows for shorter takeoff and landing distances.
High density altitude means the air is thinner (less dense), which reduces engine power, propeller efficiency, and lift. This can result in longer takeoff rolls and reduced climb performance.
The pitot tube captures dynamic pressure as the aircraft moves through the air, which is used to calculate airspeed. It's a key component of the pitot-static system.
Class D airspace surrounds smaller airports with an operational control tower. Pilots must establish two-way communication with ATC before entering the airspace, but other equipment like a transponder or ADS-B may not be required.
Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is defined as 29.92 inches of mercury (1013.25 mb). This is used as a baseline for calibrating altimeters and other pressure-sensitive instruments.