The will is what motivates our actions and roots the intention of our act, and according to Kant, the only thing that is good in itself is the "good will." When anything behaves out of duty, it is excellent. To be clear, Kant believes that the only object with intrinsic value is good will.
You treat people as means rather than as ends if you lie to them or make a promise you don't plan to keep. You might be lying to that individual in order to gain something for yourself, in which case he is unquestionably being used as a tool. However, Kant believed that lying was evil regardless of the justification.
A moral theory is made up of a set of more or less interconnected propositions that are constructed to define what is morally desirable or correct behavior and what qualifies it as such.
The capacity to reliably predict another person's behavior based on their moral beliefs is known as moral judgement. Individuals who regularly make morally righteous or immoral decisions exhibit moral consistency.
Other objections to the divine command idea include the fact that religious texts are typically old and difficult to understand in light of the complexities of contemporary life. As a result, religion as a system of ethics does not offer particular ethical advice to particular ethical conundrums. Defending the idea of Divine Command: - The universe and everything in it, including people, were made by God. - If God created humans, then He has a firm claim on our submission.
Having feelings is necessary and inevitable in the moral life.
A pleasure is of higher quality if people would prefer it over a different pleasure even if it is accompanied by discomfort and if they would not swap it for a greater amount of the other pleasure, according to Mill.
