Explanation:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disorder that includes an overriding aorta, a septal defect, a right ventricular outflow blockage, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Cyanosis spells can be helped with drugs, but surgery is the only effective cure.
Explanation:
An insulin secretagogue known as a sulfonylurea, glyburide is a medication. Acarbose slows down digestive enzymes to increase the pace of digestion of carbs. A biguanide called metformin works as an insulin sensitizer by reducing glucose synthesis. The thiazolidinedione class, which pioglitazone belongs to, lowers peripheral insulin resistance.
Explanation:
Giant cell arteritis, also known as temporal arteritis, is an inflammatory condition that typically affects older persons and can include headaches, vision problems, pain in the temple region, fever, and exhaustion. A biopsy can confirm the diagnosis, which can be raised in suspicion by an elevated ESR or CRP. Prednisone at a high dose should be administered right once to treat it in order to avoid problems like eyesight loss. A temporal artery biopsy for polymyalgia rheumatica, a disorder linked to giant cell arteritis, is typically normal despite the symptoms, which damage the joints and create morning stiffness.
Explanation:
Common injuries like a distal fracture frequently result from falling on an outstretched hand. The forces required to break the bones in the other x-rays indicated are substantially greater than those that would be anticipated in a straightforward collision during childhood.
Explanation:
Any situation where the atrial rate is irregular is referred to as sick sinus syndrome, also known as sinus node dysfunction. Patients may complain of palpitations, weakness, or vertigo. Dropped P waves can cause escape beats from different areas of the heart. Pacemakers are used as a form of treatment. P waves would vary with a wandering atrial pacemaker, also referred to as a multifocal atrial rhythm. Short PR intervals and delta waves would be present in Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Explanation:
Congenital protrusion of the inguinal ring into the inguinal canal causes indirect inguinal hernias.
Explanation:
An increase in pain when passively flexing and internally rotating the right hip is a positive obturator indication. When assessing a patient for appendicitis, several tests might be helpful: McBurney points is where the right lower quadrant pain is most elicited. When the left bottom quadrant is palpated and pain is felt in the right lower quadrant, this is known as a roving sign. The iliopsoas muscle is stretched when the right hip is passively extended, which causes pain known as the psoas sign.
