Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is the functional group present in alcohols?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl

Answer

Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl functional group. This group consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH), which is then attached to a carbon atom. The hydroxyl group is responsible for many of the characteristic properties of alcohols, including their ability to form hydrogen bonds and their polarity.

Question 2

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene (C2H4)?

Accepted Answer

sp2

Answer

In ethene (C2H4), each carbon atom is double-bonded to another carbon atom and single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms. This arrangement results in three electron domains around each carbon atom, leading to a trigonal planar geometry. To accommodate this, the carbon atoms undergo sp2 hybridization, where one s orbital and two p orbitals combine to form three sp2 hybrid orbitals.

Question 3

Which reagent is commonly used for the bromination of alkenes?

Accepted Answer

Br2

Answer

Bromine (Br2) is the common reagent used for the bromination of alkenes, typically in a non-polar solvent like CCl4. This reaction is an electrophilic addition, where the double bond of the alkene acts as a nucleophile, attacking the bromine molecule. The result is the addition of two bromine atoms across the double bond, forming a vicinal dibromide.

Question 4

What type of reaction mechanism is followed in the substitution of a primary alkyl halide with a strong nucleophile?

Accepted Answer

SN2

Answer

The substitution of a primary alkyl halide with a strong nucleophile typically follows an SN2 (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution) reaction mechanism. In SN2 reactions, the nucleophile attacks the carbon atom bearing the leaving group from the backside, leading to a concerted bond-breaking and bond-forming process. Primary alkyl halides are favored for SN2 due to less steric hindrance around the electrophilic carbon.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of an aromatic compound?

Accepted Answer

Benzene

Answer

Benzene is the quintessential example of an aromatic compound. Aromatic compounds are cyclic, planar molecules with a continuous ring of p-orbitals containing a specific number of pi electrons (4n+2, according to Hückel's rule). Benzene fits this criteria with its six-membered ring and six pi electrons, exhibiting enhanced stability due to delocalization.

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Organic Chemistry