The Oregon Constitution allows for initiatives, referendums, and recalls as mechanisms of direct democracy. Judicial review, however, is a process where courts interpret the constitutionality of laws and is not a direct democracy mechanism. Judicial review is a function of the judiciary and is part of the checks and balances system.
Article I, Section 11 of the Oregon Constitution guarantees the right to a fair trial, including the right to a jury trial in civil cases and the right to be heard in criminal cases. This provision mirrors the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution in its protection of the right to a fair trial but is specific to Oregon's constitutional framework.
While the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly enumerate a right to privacy, the Oregon Constitution includes a broader right to privacy under Article I, Section 9. This right has been interpreted to provide a higher level of privacy protection in Oregon compared to federal standards.
The Oregon Constitution applies intermediate scrutiny to laws that discriminate based on gender. This means that the law must serve an important governmental interest and be substantially related to achieving that interest. This standard is less stringent than strict scrutiny but more rigorous than rational basis review.
Article I, Section 3 of the Oregon Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and prohibits laws establishing a state religion or infringing upon religious practices. This section is similar in its protection of religious freedoms to the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
