Under the UCC, an offer to buy goods for immediate shipment is irrevocable if the seller has started performance. This is known as a "firm offer" for the UCC, where the seller's action of beginning performance binds the offer, preventing its revocation. Options A and D are incorrect, and C does not apply to the UCC's terms for offers.
The hearsay rule generally excludes out-of-court statements that are offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted, as such statements are considered unreliable. Option A is incorrect because there are many exceptions to the hearsay rule, and C is not always accurate as hearsay by a party is often admissible under certain circumstances. D is incorrect as hearsay is typically not used to challenge a witness's credibility.
The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment prohibits the government from endorsing or supporting a particular religion. It aims to prevent any state-sponsored religion and ensures a separation between church and state. Options A and D are too broad or incorrect, and B does not accurately reflect the Clause's requirement for neutrality rather than equal aid.
For a valid conveyance of real property, delivery of the deed to the grantee is required. While a written contract is often needed for the sale of real property (option A), it is the actual delivery of the deed that completes the conveyance process. Option C is incorrect as the grantee's signature is not required for validity, and D is not a requirement for the conveyance itself, though registration may be needed for recording purposes.
The Fourth Amendment generally requires a warrant for searches, but it allows for warrantless searches if there are exigent circumstances or probable cause. Options A and B are incorrect as they either misrepresent the requirement or its consequences, and D is incorrect because the Fourth Amendment applies to both federal and state actions.
