Mutations can be caused by various factors, including environmental influences such as radiation, chemicals, and viruses.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
The oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a single water molecule are held together by covalent bonds, where electrons are shared between atoms.
Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA.
Enzymes function by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, thereby speeding up the reaction.
The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids in its polypeptide chain.
Chlorophyll is the pigment in plants that absorbs light energy, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose during photosynthesis.
Meiosis is the process that results in the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs), reducing the chromosome number by half.
DNA replication occurs during the S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle.
The mitochondrion is responsible for producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in the process of cellular respiration.
