Consideration in contract law refers to something of value exchanged between the parties. It does not need to be of equal value or tangible; it merely needs to be something of legal value. A promise to do something that one is already legally obligated to do generally does not constitute valid consideration.
The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment protects certain fundamental rights such as the right to marry and the right to privacy in personal decisions. The right to vote and the right to privacy are considered fundamental. However, the right to a jury trial in civil cases is not classified as a fundamental right under the Due Process Clause but is guaranteed by the Seventh Amendment in federal cases and by state constitutions in state cases.
The Fourth Amendment requires that a search warrant be based on probable cause and must clearly specify the place to be searched and the items to be seized. This is to ensure that searches and seizures are conducted in a particular and limited manner. The other options are not requirements for a valid search warrant.
Adverse possession allows a person to gain legal title to land by possessing it continuously, openly, and exclusively for a statutory period, even if they do not hold legal title. This doctrine is meant to encourage the productive use of land and to resolve disputes over land ownership.
The hearsay rule generally prohibits the admission of statements made outside of court to prove the truth of the matter asserted. However, there are numerous exceptions to this rule where hearsay statements may be admissible, such as statements made under certain conditions of reliability or necessity.
