Explanation:
While the second rule of thermodynamics states that heat cannot spontaneously go from a cooler item to a warmer object, this is not always true. If the system is given enough work, heat can move from a cooler object to a warmer one. This is the basic idea behind how a refrigerator works. The system that transfers heat from the refrigerator's contents to the area around it is being worked on. The remaining options are all correct.
Explanation:
> Neighboring molecules can transmit energy through conduction from a hotter location to a cooler one.
> The term "radiation" or "thermal radiation" refers to the electromagnetic radiation that transfers heat through void space. The heating of the earth by sunlight is an example of radiation.
> In convection, heat is transferred when molecules in a substance move from one place to another, forming a heat current that typically occurs in a gas or a liquid.
> The amount of heat or energy that is no longer available to perform work in a system is referred to as entropy, which is related to the second law of thermodynamics.
Another way to put it is as the degree of disorder in a system.
Explanation:
A variation of an element with a variable number of neutrons is called an isotope. The number of protons and electrons in the element and its isotopes remains constant. For instance, the element carbon contains three naturally occurring isotopes: carbon-12, carbon-13, and radioactive carbon-14. While all isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, or number of protons, they differ in mass, which is the sum of their protons and neutrons.
Explanation:
The refractive index is an optical characteristic that has nothing to do with how the periodic table is arranged. On the periodic table, elements are grouped into periods, or rows, based on their atomic number, which is the sum of their protons. The periodic table serves as an example of how attributes are repeated. The items in each column or group have characteristics in common, such reactivity.
Explanation:
Temperature is unrelated to an object's potential energy, which is determined by its mass, height above the ground, and gravitational pull. Potential energy is calculated using the equation PE= mgh, which stands for mass times gravity times height. The quantity of energy that is specifically stored in a system because of its position is known as potential energy.
Explanation:
Total magnification when using a light microscope is calculated by multiplying the ocular lens power by the chosen objective. The eyepiece, which has a single magnification strength and is commonly 10x, is referred to as the "ocular lens." The objective lens's magnification power is also typically 4x, 10x, 40x, or 100x. Using a 10x eyepiece and a 4x objective lens will result in a 40x magnification. A 1,000x magnification is achieved by using a 10x eyepiece and a 100x objective lens. The magnification is less with a shorter lens and more with a longer lens.
Explanation:
When a substance undergoes a phase shift, its temperature stays constant. The phase transition in this instance was from a liquid to a solid, or freezing. In this instance, the energy released from the substance as it reforms into a solid is known as the latent heat of fusion. The liquid will condense into a solid, and the energy will be released before the substance's temperature drops any more. The heat of fusion would be the amount of heat required to dismantle the interactions between the molecules in the solid state in order for the substance to transform from a solid to a liquid. The amount of energy required for a substance to undergo latent heat fusion is exactly the same as that required for melting or freezing. This much heat would either be absorbed by the substance (melting) or expelled, depending on the procedure (freezing).
