The statement provided above was made by Ramesh K. Arora.
The statement provided above was made by Fred W. Riggs.
2) L.D. White. L.D. White did not specifically distinguish between public and private administrators in the same way as the other three individuals mentioned. While M.P. Follet, Lyndall Urwick, and Henri Fayol all made distinctions or discussed differences between public and private administrators in their respective works, L.D. White focused more on the principles and functions of public administration in general, rather than making explicit comparisons or distinctions between public and private administrators.
The correct answer is option 2) outsourcing and option 3) lean sizing.
New Managerialism, as compared to conventional managerialism, incorporates these two characteristics:
Outsourcing: New Managerialism involves the practice of outsourcing certain functions or services to external entities or contractors. This can include contracting out specific tasks or services that were traditionally performed in-house.
Lean sizing: New Managerialism emphasizes lean sizing or streamlining operations to achieve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This can involve reducing redundancies, eliminating unnecessary processes, and optimizing resource allocation to achieve leaner and more efficient organizational structures.
The correct answer is options 2 and 4.
Politics should not intrude on administration: L.D. White emphasized the importance of maintaining a clear separation between politics and administration. He argued that the administration should be neutral and free from political interference to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency in delivering public services.
The mission of administration is economy and efficiency: L.D. White believed that the primary mission of public administration is to promote economy and efficiency in the delivery of public services. This means utilizing resources effectively and efficiently to achieve the desired outcomes while minimizing waste.
The politics-administration divide is a concept in public administration that suggests a separation between political decision-making and the implementation of policies by public servants. It emphasizes that public servants should be politically neutral and focus on delivering public services efficiently and effectively, regardless of political affiliations or agendas.
As a result, the public service is expected to be neutral and impartial in carrying out its duties. Public servants are typically expected to serve the public interest, provide objective advice to policymakers, and implement policies and programs in a fair and equitable manner. This neutrality helps ensure that public services are delivered in a non-partisan manner and that the public's trust in the government's ability to deliver services remains intact.
