A structure is further from the place of connection to the body when it is distal to another structure. The wrist is distal to the elbow because it is attached to the body at a distance greater than that of the elbow. The shoulder is seen as superior (above) and proximal (near to the place of attachment) to the elbow.
The atlas, which supports the "globe," is the first cervical vertebra (the head.) The axis is the name given to the second cervical vertebra. Based on their position inside the vertebral column, the names of the other vertebrae are given.
Numerous bones in the body include openings and cavities, with the skull housing the majority of these. These openings enable blood vessels, nerves, and arteries to enter and exit the bones. The size of these foramen, which vary depending on what flows through them, varies. For instance, the spinal cord leaves the body through the foramen magnum in the skull.
Except for the thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbricals, which are innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve and the palmar digital nerves of the median nerve, respectively, all of the hand's motor innervation comes from the ulnar nerve. The medial side of the wrist, close to the pisiform bone, and where the ulnar nerve crosses posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus are the two locations where the ulnar nerve is most frequently injured. The patient will still be able to flex her medial two distal phalanges if the injury occurred at the location where the ulnar nerve crosses lateral to the pisiform bone in the wrist. In the forearm, the ulnar nerve innervates the medial and lateral extensor digitorum profundi tendons, respectively, and the median nerve innervates the latter two.
A muscle in the anterior/medial compartment of the thigh is what we're looking for. This allows us to rule out the vastus lateralis and tensor fascia latae muscles because they do not belong in this compartment. The lateralmost of the four quadriceps muscles, the vastus lateralis is a member of the quadriceps and attaches to the tibial tuberosity via the quadriceps tendon. Although the adductor brevis originates on the pubis, it inserts on the femur rather than the tibia, and its action is femur adduction. That just leaves the gracilis muscle as the correct response. The gracilis primarily bends the tibia, although it can also rotate the hip medially and adduct the hip.
One part of the skull is called the zygomatic process. The frontal bone's zygomatic process, the maxilla's zygomatic process, and the temporal bone's zygomatic process make up the zygomatic process technically.
An extension of the ulna, the olecranon, fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus when the ulna is extended.
The lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii join to the ulna from their humeral origin. The supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process are where the long and short heads of the biceps brachii connect to the scapula, respectively. The infraglenoid tubercle on the scapula is where the long head of the triceps brachii connects. The supraspinous fossa is where the supraspinatus connects to the scapula.
The deltoid muscle, a triangle-shaped muscle, is in charge of extending the supraspinatus muscle's initial 15 degrees of arm abduction (rotator cuff muscle). The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid.
Except for the malleolus, each of these traits belongs to the femur. The tibia and fibula have that characteristic. The linea aspera runs the length of the back of the femur. At its distal end, the femur has medial and lateral condyles. The patella and the patellar surface articulate.
A generic orientation that can be used to refer to things that are further away from the body's midline is lateral. The medial sagittal plane, which often includes the navel and nose, is referred to as the midline. The shoulders, ears, and hips are examples of lateral structures. The ovaries and lungs are lateral to the heart and uterus, respectively, when speaking in terms of relative positioning. The heart is medial to the lungs, whereas the uterus is medial to the ovaries. Medial is the opposite of lateral.
The recurrent branch of the median nerve and the palmar digital nerves of the median nerve, respectively, innervate the thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbricals, leaving the ulnar nerve in charge of all other motor innervation of the hand. The ulnar nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, where it is most frequently injured, and it also passes on the medial side of the wrist, next to the pisiform bone. The patient will still be able to flex her medial two distal phalanges if the injury occurred where the ulnar nerve travels in the wrist, lateral to the pisiform bone. It's important to keep in mind that the ulnar nerve innervates the medial and lateral extensor digitorum profundi tendons, respectively, in the forearm.
The muscle that makes the nose wrinkle is called the procerus. It penetrates into the skin on the forehead, between the eyebrows, and arises from the fascia covering the inferior part of the nasal bone. The frontalis furrows the forehead and lifts the brows. The cheeks are pulled in toward the teeth by the buccinator. The risorius makes a grimace with his mouth.
There are 33 vertebrae in the human vertebral column. The thickest vertebrae in the spine, the lumbar ones, support the bulk of the trunk's weight. The four coccygeal vertebrae and the lowest five sacral vertebrae are united. The sacrum and the coccyx are the two distinct bones that make up each set of fused vertebrae. Except for T11 and T12, all 12 of the thoracic vertebrae have facets on their bodies and transverse processes for rib articulation.
The plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus surround the flexor digitorum brevis. At the proximal interphalangeal joints, it flexes the lateral four fingers.
The thoracic cavity of a human skeleton contains twelve pairs of ribs. They protrude from the vertebrae, and some of them have anterior attachments to the sternum. The ribs help to change the anterior to posterior and transverse diameter of the chest while also protecting the internal organs in the thorax. Ribs can be divided into three categories: true, false, and floating. Ribs 1 through 7 are true ribs and immediately connect to the sternum. Ribs 8 to 10 that are false ribs join to the cartilage of the ribs above. The fact that ribs 11 and 12 don't have anterior attachments makes them floating ribs.
