In comparison to d, which is 2 or 2/100, or 0.02, r is 4%, or 4/100. The multiplier for bank deposits is 1/r, or 25 or 1/0.04. The multiplier for money is (1+d)/(r+d), or 1.02/0.06 or 17.
A leftward shift in LM is the outcome of increased interest rates at each level of output due to an increase in the demand for money.
In this scenario, the bank is required to transfer reserves to the bank of the recipient of the check.
By £400 billion annually, the IS curve will veer to the right.
A motion along the money demand curve, not a shift of the curve, illustrates the impact of a change in interest rates on the amount of money demanded.
Banks do not want this ratio to drop below a level they deem prudent since the more money they produce, the lower the ratio of their reserves to deposits gets.
The economy is moved to a lower point on the IS curve but not moved by a decline in interest rates.