A D-dimer test is highly sensitive and used as a screening tool to rule out pulmonary embolism in low to intermediate-risk patients.
ICS reduce airway inflammation and are the primary treatment for persistent asthma.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of CAP in adults.
Obstructive lung diseases, such as COPD and asthma, are characterized by a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio due to airflow limitation.
Systemic corticosteroids reduce inflammation, and antibiotics are used to treat or prevent secondary infections during exacerbations.
