Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, characterized by thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins stimulating the thyroid.
Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes because it improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
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Cushing's syndrome, caused by excess cortisol, presents with characteristic features such as moon face, buffalo hump, and central obesity.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed by elevated serum calcium and PTH levels. The increased PTH results in hypercalcemia.
PTU is an antithyroid drug that inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and is used to treat hyperthyroidism, particularly in Graves' disease.
