Cryptography provides mechanisms to secure data by ensuring its confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity during transmission or storage.
Symmetric cryptography uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, making it fast but requiring secure key management.
Digital signatures provide assurance that the message comes from the claimed sender and has not been altered in transit.
RSA is an asymmetric algorithm that uses a pair of keys (public and private) for encryption and decryption.
Hash algorithms produce a fixed-length hash value from input data, ensuring data integrity by detecting alterations.