The correct answer is "Never."
Single-dose vials are designed for use with a single patient for a single administration. They are intended to be used for one-time use only and should not be shared or used for multiple patients, even if certain conditions are met.
Using single-dose vials for multiple patients increases the risk of contamination and transmission of infectious agents between patients. It is a violation of safe medication practices and can compromise patient safety.
To determine the correct answer, we can calculate the volume needed for a 750 mg dose of vancomycin based on the concentration obtained after reconstitution.
Given that 1 gram of vancomycin is reconstituted with 20 ml of Sterile Water for Injection (SWFI), we can calculate the concentration as follows:
1 gram = 1000 mg
Concentration after reconstitution = 1000 mg / 20 ml = 50 mg/ml
To find the volume needed for a 750 mg dose, we divide the desired dose (750 mg) by the concentration (50 mg/ml):
Volume needed = 750 mg / 50 mg/ml = 15 ml
Therefore, the correct answer is "15 ml."
The correct answer is "An increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide."
In the context of an acute malignant hyperthermia (MH) crisis, an increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) levels is considered the earliest and most sensitive indicator. Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can occur as a reaction to certain medications used during general anesthesia, specifically triggering agents like volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine.
During an MH crisis, there is an uncontrolled release of calcium in the muscle cells, leading to muscle rigidity, hypermetabolism, and an increase in body temperature. This increased metabolic activity causes the body to produce more carbon dioxide, leading to an elevation in ETCO2 levels.
The correct answer is "Dantrolene."
Dantrolene is the specific drug used for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia (MH) crisis. It is a muscle relaxant that acts by reducing calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle cells. By inhibiting excessive calcium release, dantrolene helps to reverse the muscle rigidity and hypermetabolic state associated with MH.
Both Ryanodex and Revonto are brand names for dantrolene sodium, which is the same active ingredient as dantrolene. They are different formulations of dantrolene, with Ryanodex being a lyophilized (freeze-dried) form and Revonto being a reconstituted form. These different formulations of dantrolene provide options for administration depending on the specific needs of the patient and healthcare setting.
Sterile injectable multi-dose medications for multiple patients are typically accessed and used in the medication room. The medication room is a designated area within a healthcare facility where medications are stored, prepared, and dispensed. It is a controlled environment that ensures proper handling, storage, and preparation of medications to maintain their sterility and integrity.
In the medication room, healthcare professionals follow established protocols and guidelines for medication preparation, including aseptic techniques and appropriate handling of multi-dose vials. This helps minimize the risk of contamination and maintain the safety and efficacy of the medications.
The correct answer is "identifying SALAD on your facility's printed formulary."
Identifying SALAD on your facility's printed formulary is not an appropriate way to safeguard against the misuse of sound-alike, look-alike drugs (SALAD). The printed formulary is a list of medications available within a healthcare facility, and it typically includes information such as drug names, strengths, and dosage forms. While it is important to have accurate and up-to-date information on the formulary, simply identifying SALAD on the formulary is not sufficient for safeguarding against their misuse.
The correct answer is "incineration or chemical digestion."
According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) guidelines, the two acceptable methods for the destruction of controlled substances are incineration and chemical digestion. These methods are designed to ensure the complete and irreversible destruction of controlled substances to prevent diversion and misuse.
Incineration involves the controlled burning of the controlled substances at high temperatures, typically in specialized facilities equipped for this purpose. This method ensures the destruction of the substances and minimizes the potential for environmental contamination.
