Explanation:
Fetal breathing movement (FBM) normality when being evaluated for the biophysical profile should be one FBM lasting at least 30 seconds in 30 minutes, scored as 2. In a 30-minute period, if there is no FBM of at least 30 seconds, it receives a score of 0. (0). FBMs can be identified on ultrasonography by about weeks 10–11 of gestation and are frequently irregular with periods of apnea. The thorax rises and falls during FBM even though air is not actually exchanged, which aids in preparing the fetus for breathing after delivery.
Explanation:
The fetal back must be palpated since it is the best place to hear the heartbeat when using a fetoscope to auscultate the fetal heart rate. The usual position of the fetal back, or left occiput anterior (LOA), is in the left lower abdominal quadrant, close to the mother's thigh. The most typical delivery position is in this posture. In order to confirm that a heartbeat is coming from the fetus and not the nurse, the nurse should check his or her own radial pulse when one is heard.
Explanation:
At positions 3 and 9, cervical lacerations that happen during delivery are most frequent. When bleeding continues after delivery, vaginal retractors are most frequently used to diagnose cervical lacerations. Since the lacerations are stitched up with absorbable sutures, no additional care is typically required. During delivery, there are frequently minor abrasions, but they usually don't need any medical attention. Compared to typical vaginal births, forceps- and vacuum-assisted deliveries result in more tears.
Explanation:
While there are a few documented cases of survival at earlier gestations, like at 21 weeks, a neonate is typically not considered viable until after 24 weeks of gestation. Less than 50% of newborns that are born before 24 weeks of pregnancy will survive. Survival rates are 80%–90% by 28 weeks of gestation (which is regarded as severely preterm). The chance of neonatal survival increases by 4% for every additional week that a pregnancy may be maintained. Babies born after 28 weeks have a 94% chance of surviving. After birth, many preterm babies must spend several weeks or even months in the neonatal critical care unit.
Explanation:
The epidural is the anesthetic method that offers the most effective pain reduction during labor and delivery. The epidural can offer continuous pain relief throughout labor and delivery, reduces motor blockage, and doesn't increase the risk of spinal headaches. Due to a decreased chance of sympathetic blockage, there is also a decreased risk of hypotension. For Caesareans, the spinal is now typically reserved. Relief from the pudendal block is primarily experienced during childbirth.
Explanation:
10 is a typical biophysical score (score of 2 on 5 different measures). A score of 8 and a normal amniotic fluid content indicate very little risk to the fetus and no need for intervention. However, if the volume of amniotic fluid were abnormal, this could indicate chronic asphyxia and a higher rate of perinatal mortality within a week, necessitating induction of labor. A score of 6 indicates a potential asphyxia, a score of 4 a likelihood, a score of 2, and a score of 0 a certainty.
