For women with a normal BMI, the recommended weight gain is typically between 25 and 35 pounds during pregnancy to support fetal growth and maternal health.
Hypothyroidism can lead to hormonal imbalances that affect milk production, while conditions like gestational diabetes may not directly affect milk supply.
Prolactin is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of breast milk in the mammary glands.
Maternal stress can lead to hormonal changes that reduce milk production and hinder milk letdown.
HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, so mothers with HIV are typically advised against breastfeeding to reduce the risk to their infant.
