Steam sterilization (autoclaving) is the most widely used method in healthcare because it is efficient, cost-effective, and suitable for most surgical instruments that can withstand moisture and high temperatures.
Steam sterilization depends on the precise application of time, temperature, and pressure to destroy all microorganisms, including spores. Instruments should be properly prepared, but the sterilization cycle's parameters are the most crucial.
Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization is ideal for heat-sensitive items because it operates at lower temperatures. It is not suitable for large lumens or materials that absorb hydrogen peroxide.
Biological indicators (BIs) are the gold standard for verifying sterilization because they use live spores to test the effectiveness of sterilization processes. If the spores are destroyed, the process is confirmed effective.
Proper cleaning with enzymatic detergent removes organic debris and ensures that instruments are thoroughly prepared for sterilization. Skipping this step or using inappropriate methods may lead to ineffective sterilization.
