Explanation:
A linear velocity changes to an angular velocity when the rack (toothed belt) comes into contact with the cogwheels. The point of contact's location is crucial.
The lower portion of the red cogwheel is where it comes into contact with the rack. The linear velocity to the right is induced by the counterclockwise angular velocity.
The upper portion of the grey cogwheel is where it comes into contact with the rack. The rack-determined linear velocity to the right causes a clockwise-moving angular velocity.
Explanation:
The leftmost two wheels are connected by a band. The band moves in response to the clockwise rotation of the bottom wheel (blue arrow), which in turn causes the top wheel to rotate counterclockwise. The band is crossed, which is why.
Due to the rod connecting the two wheels at the top, they both rotate in the same direction. The aforementioned wheel will rotate counterclockwise because it is connected by a straight band to the wheel at the top right.
