One of the most severe side effects that Valproic acid might have is pancreatitis. Phenytoin can have a side effect called gingival hyperplasia. Zonisamide or topiramate may have the negative effects of causing kidney stones or weight loss.
Numerous medications have been discovered to be helpful in the prevention and treatment of vomiting, particularly vomiting brought on by cancer chemotherapy. Most neuroleptic medications, with the exception of thioridazine, have antiemetic properties that are mediated by inhibiting D2 dopaminergic receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla. The first medications that were proven to be effective antiemetic medications and function by inhibiting dopamine receptors are phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine.
The patient is dealing with a low abdominal surgical complication that is typical. After low abdominal surgical operations, over 25% of individuals experience post-operative urine retention. Less than 50 cc of urine makes up a typical post-void residual volume. Incomplete voiding, bladder distension, a diminished micturition reflex, and reduced contractility of the bladder's detrusor muscle are all outcomes of anesthesia and analgesia.
Immune complex deposition mediates a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Auto-antibody complexes are generated in lupus and are then deposited in various tissues, including the kidneys, skin, and joints. Although they are examples of type II reactions, Graves disease and myasthenia gravis are classified as type V reactions in some classification schemes. In Graves, the thyroid's TSH receptors are targeted by auto-antibodies, whereas in Myasthenia, the acetylcholine receptor is the target. Due to the fact that T lymphocytes are directed against thyroid antigens and antibodies are also generated, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is typically seen as an illustration of a combination of type II and IV reactions. A typical instance of a type I, IgE mediated reaction is allergic rhinitis.
Tricyclic antidepressant doxepin also has H1 and H2 antihistamine action. Sedation and anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, urine retention, and constipation) are examples of adverse effects. Liver poisoning is extremely uncommon, despite the liver's large metabolism and kidney's extensive excretion. On the other hand, nephrotoxicity is a well-known, significant side effect of long-term doxepin use.
Cisplatin. Due to their actions on rapidly proliferating cells, all chemotherapeutic agents have comparable generalized side effects. Anxiety, tiredness, and hair loss are a few of these. However, numerous chemotherapeutics also have distinct toxicities, which are frequently investigated. Because of its nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, cisplatin is remarkable.
Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Naproxen, Fenoprofen, Flurbiprofen, and Oxaprozin are examples of NSAIDs that belong to the propionic acid derivatives family, whereas piroxicam is in the enolic acid derivative class, which also contains medications like meloxicam and Nabumetone. They function by blocking the generation of specific prostaglandins and are non-selective COX inhibitors.
