Explanation:
Valve disease refers to any condition that affects the normal functioning of the heart valves. The heart valves are responsible for controlling the flow of blood through the heart, and any abnormalities in their structure or function can lead to a variety of problems.
Explanation:
A graded exercise test (GXT), also known as a stress test, is a medical procedure that involves monitoring a patient's heart and cardiovascular system while they perform physical activity, such as walking on a treadmill or riding a stationary bike. During the test, the patient's heart rate, rhythm, blood pressure, skin temperature, and color, and any symptoms are closely monitored to assess the heart's response to exercise.
Explanation:
Transesophageal Echo (TEE) is a medical imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves to create detailed images of the heart and its surrounding structures. Unlike a standard echocardiogram, which uses external probes placed on the chest, TEE involves inserting a probe down the patient's esophagus to get a closer, clearer view of the heart.
Explanation:
Rheumatic heart disease is a condition that can develop as a complication of rheumatic fever, which is caused by a bacterial infection with Streptococcus pyogenes (also known as group A streptococcus). Rheumatic fever can lead to inflammation and damage to the heart valves, which can then cause rheumatic heart disease.
Explanation:
Heart catheterization, also known as a coronary angiogram or cardiac catheterization, is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into the heart through a blood vessel. The procedure is used to diagnose and treat a variety of heart conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart valve problems, and congenital heart defects.
Explanation:
Preload is a term used to describe the degree of stretch in the heart muscles at the end of diastole, just before the heart contracts to pump blood out. Preload is determined by the volume of blood returning to the heart and the elasticity of the heart muscle.
Explanation:
When blood flows back into the heart because a valve does not fully close, it is referred to as valve regurgitation or insufficiency. Regurgitation can occur in any of the heart valves, including the mitral valve, aortic valve, tricuspid valve, and pulmonary valve.
