Because adipose tissue is not as metabolically active as lean body mass, it is difficult to accurately calculate the resting energy expenditure (REE) of obese people. The energy required to move extra body weight may be underestimated by comparing it to the optimal body weight, and roughly 25% of the extra weight of obese people is thought to be metabolically active.
Both trabecular (spongy) and cortical (hard) bone are affected by age-related bone loss in older people. Calcium supplements may delay age-related bone loss but cannot always stop it. Weight-bearing activity, such as walking, aerobics, and weight training, slows bone loss, whereas steroid usage speeds it up.
Lycopene, a carotenoid pigment, is what gives tomatoes their vivid red color. Citrus fruits include the flavonoid limonene, blue fruits and vegetables contain the pigment anthocyanin, and egg yolks contain the antioxidant lutein.
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In addition to softening cellulose, a form of dietary fiber present in fruits and vegetables, cooking food may also cause disaccharides (sugars) to break down into their monosaccharide constituents (simple sugars). Cooking makes starch easier to digest.
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In contrast to celiac sprue, tropical sprue is brought on by bacterial infection, typically due to ingesting tainted vegetables or drinking polluted water. Antibiotics, folic acid, and intramuscular B12 supplements are effective treatments. Tropical sprue, a chronic, progressive illness brought on by dietary gluten intolerance, is less harmful to the intestine's villi than celiac sprue.
Acute renal failure's oliguric phase (lower urine output) is treated with salt intake of 20–40 mEq, protein consumption of less than 0.6 mg/kg, and caloric intake of 50–60 kcal/kg per day. Protein intake is restricted until glomerular filtration recovers to normal, sodium needs are determined on edema and urine output, and calorie demands are high to encourage healing and a positive nitrogen balance. Based on losses from diarrhea, vomiting, and pee, plus 500 ml, fluid requirements are calculated.
In order to prevent reflux and irritation of the esophageal mucosa throughout the course of hiatal hernia therapy, peppermint, chocolate, and caffeine should not be consumed. The mucosa may become permanently damaged if the esophageal sphincter pressure is continuously lowered.
