The passage states, "one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America." Topography refers to the physical features of the land.
The International Date Line is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. Thus, it is an imaginary circle passing through the poles.
The passage refers to a "papal decree of 1493" that assigned lands based on an imaginary line at 50 degrees W longitude. Lines of longitude run north and south, making this the correct answer.
The passage says Marie "defiantly left Poland" to pursue higher education at the Sorbonne. "Defiantly" implies that she was challenging the restrictions and norms of her time, hence "challenged authority" is the correct answer.
The passage mentions that the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America, which indicates they were looking along the coast.
The passage states they found the passage near 50 degrees S latitude, which is south of the equator.
The passage describes Marie and Pierre’s collaboration as "amicable," which means friendly and cooperative. Thus, "friendly" is the correct answer.
The passage states that Marie "became disgruntled" when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. "Disgruntled" means annoyed or dissatisfied.
The passage describes Marie as having a "blithe personality," which means carefree and cheerful. "Lighthearted" is the best synonym for this context.
The passage mentions that the 16th century was an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration. "Terrestrial" refers to land, making "land" the correct answer.
The passage states that Magellan became involved in the "quagmire of political intrigue." A "quagmire" refers to a difficult or complicated situation, and "entanglement" is the best synonym for this context.
