FREE CJBAT Deductive Reasoning Test 2

Question 1

Inductive reasoning is also known as...

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis construction

Answer

Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning where general principles or theories are derived from specific observations or data. It involves forming generalizations and developing hypotheses that can then be tested. Therefore, 'hypothesis construction' accurately describes a core aspect of inductive reasoning, as it moves from specific instances to broader explanatory frameworks.

Question 2

The classic philosophical treatment of the problem of induction was given by the Scottish philosopher...

Accepted Answer

David Hume

Answer

David Hume, an 18th-century Scottish philosopher, is renowned for his skeptical examination of the problem of induction. He famously questioned the rational justification for believing that future events will resemble past ones, arguing that our reliance on induction is based on custom and habit rather than logical necessity. His work profoundly influenced subsequent philosophical thought on epistemology and scientific reasoning.

Question 3

One of these is a critic of inductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Karl Popper

Answer

Karl Popper is a renowned philosopher of science known for his critique of inductive reasoning. He argued that scientific theories cannot be proven true by accumulating evidence (induction), but rather can only be falsified by counter-evidence. His concept of falsifiability emphasizes that science progresses by eliminating false theories, not by confirming true ones through induction.

Question 4

A generalization proceeds from a premise to a...

Accepted Answer

Conclusion

Answer

In logic, a generalization is a form of inductive reasoning where specific observations or premises lead to a broader statement or principle. The process involves moving from these particular instances to a more general rule or theory. Therefore, the ultimate outcome or destination of a generalization is a conclusion that extends beyond the initial specific cases.

Question 5

Which of these is a generalization fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Biased sample

Answer

A generalization fallacy occurs when an inductive generalization is drawn from insufficient or unrepresentative evidence. A 'biased sample' directly describes a situation where the data used to form a generalization does not accurately represent the larger population. This flaw leads to an unwarranted or fallacious conclusion, as the sample is not truly indicative of the whole.

CJBAT Test Practice Test

CJBAT Test Practice Test

FREE CJBAT Deductive Reasoning Test 2