Explanation:
Alcohol use at low doses has stimulant effects that cause exhilaration and excitability. This happens as a result of low-dose alcohol activating the dopaminergic reward circuit in the brain. Alcohol is a potent central nervous system depressant that causes drowsiness and sedation at larger dosages. Extremely high concentrations can result in coma, death, and stupor. Blood alcohol levels and absorption rates can be significantly influenced by body weight and meal intake. Alcohol consumption can be diluted by body weight and slowed down by the food. However, age can also have a significant impact. The elderly have more fat and less lean body mass. Alcohol is diluted by the water found in nonfat body mass; alcohol is not soluble in fat. As a result, older people drink more easily than younger people of the same height and weight.
Explanation:
The process of screening involves looking for one or more distinct possible problems in a client, whereas assessment identifies the issue's type and scope and makes treatment recommendations. A clinical evaluation of a client's functionality and current well-being is part of the assessment process. Basic information is gathered and examined as part of a client's issues, strengths, and co-occurring disorders as well as their readiness for change. A certified healthcare provider is referred for co-occurring disorders (CODs) (licensed clinical social worker, psychologist, psychiatrist, etc.). Once defined, pertinent CODs elements are incorporated into the creation and execution of the treatment plan.
Explanation:
The most change-ready clients are those that recognize the need for assistance with the process of transition, especially when other options are deemed to be comparably less desirable. Additionally, a client's perceptions of his or her substance misuse problem and the degree of comprehension of potential treatment alternatives appear to be directly associated to treatment program retention. When alternate nontreatment options seem acceptable and the client exhibits considerable sentiments of ambivalence about the need for change, readiness is weakened. The engagement or induction of a motivational crisis may help the client become more receptive to therapy in cases of excessive ambivalence or when the client is a nonvoluntary participant.
Explanation:
Patient placement criteria (PPC) outline the prerequisites for entering a substance abuse treatment facility (admittance criteria), the standards for continuing treatment at each designated level of care (continuing care criteria), and the standards that must be followed when a client transitions between levels of care or is released from a particular treatment program or facility (discharge and transfer criteria). Overall, PPC standards cover the necessary types of services for treatments at any given level of care, as well as appropriate treatment spaces and facilities, staffing levels and the skill mix. The recommendations are based on certain client assessment areas, such as pertinent substance abuse diagnoses.
Explanation:
Every client's status should be tracked for changes in relation to addiction-related problems and any other co-occurring mental illnesses. The effectiveness of the treatments being given and the extent of the client's ongoing commitment to change can only be assessed over time by tracking progress. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Mental Health Screening Form-III, Symptom Distress Scale (SDS), and the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale are examples of objective assessment instruments (URICA).
Explanation:
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) does provide a diagnosis of drug use disorder when the Chemical Use, Usage, and Dependence (CUAD) Scale is employed to assess substance abuse. Depending on the quantity and kind of substances used, the interview can last anywhere from five to thirty minutes. It also takes only a minimal amount of training. However, its usefulness in determining substance addiction in mentally ill clients is what makes it most well-known. Its usefulness in other populations (such as those with bipolar illness, etc.) is less well-proven because it has primarily been investigated in patients with depression and schizophrenia. It is a reliable and accurate diagnostic tool for figuring out how much someone is abusing drugs. Compared to older evaluation techniques like the Addiction Severity Index, the CUAD uses a brief, partially organized interview that takes far less time (ASI). The CUAD's correctness has been proven by researchers.
Explanation:
Cocaine causes the release of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine whether it is snorted, injected, or smoked (oral intake is ineffective). Dopamine production is the main factor, while all other neurotransmitters also play a role in the euphoric feeling that follows. Cocaine not only increases the release of these important neurotransmitters, but it also prevents their reabsorption in the body by preventing a reuptake transporter from performing its regular duties. After the euphoria wears off, neurotransmitter depletion causes severe dysphoria and depression, which makes it necessary to use the drug again. Serotonin deficiencies appear to make people more susceptible to developing a cocaine addiction.
