Except for the pulmonary artery, which transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, arterial blood vessels transmit oxygenated blood from the heart to the body. Three fibrous and smooth muscle tissue layers make up the arterial walls, allowing them to contract and expand for the heart's pumping motion. The aorta is around 25 mm in diameter, and arteries get gradually smaller (some arterioles are about 0.03 mm in diameter) as they go closer to bodily tissues. The smooth muscle tissue in the artery walls can contract or dilate as needed to keep the blood flowing. Blood that has been oxygenated leaves the heart and travels through arteries, arterioles, and capillaries.
Blood is considered the single most common source of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) transmission in the workplace, particularly in healthcare settings. Both HIV and HBV can be present in blood and certain other body fluids, and they can be transmitted through direct contact with infected blood.
On the front side of the arm, at the bend of the elbow, is where you may find the antecubital fossa. The cephalic vein, median cubital vein, and basilic vein are three superficial veins that intersect this region and are frequently utilized for venipuncture treatments.
After drawing blood from a patient, the phlebotomist should dispose of the needle by depositing it in an approved sharps container. Sharps containers are specifically designed for the safe disposal of used needles, lancets, and other sharp medical instruments.
The cardiovascular system is a major body system that consists of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic organs. It plays a vital role in circulating blood and lymph throughout the body, delivering oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to tissues and organs while removing waste products.
The antecubital region of the arm contains the cephalic, median cubital, and basilic veins (just below the bend of the elbow). These are the veins that are frequently used in phlebotomy. The basilic vein comes last, followed by the cephalic one on the outside of the arm. The median cubital is in the middle of the component (located on the inner side of the arm).
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for enforcing the Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP) Standard in the United States. The BBP Standard is a set of regulations designed to protect workers from occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), and HCV (Hepatitis C Virus).
When an allergen enters the body, basophils, a type of white blood cell, cause an allergic reaction. Basophils release serotonin and histamine in response to an allergen. The basophil subset of the total white blood cell count makes up the smallest proportion (0.5–1.0%).
Temperature is not typically listed as one of the primary symptoms of shock, changes in body temperature can occur as a result of the body's response to the condition. The skin may feel cool or cold due to reduced blood flow to the extremities. However, it's important to note that symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause of shock and the individual's response to it. Immediate medical attention is necessary if someone is suspected of being in shock.
The nervous system is responsible for monitoring both the body's internal and external environments and coordinating appropriate responses to changes or stimuli. It is a complex network of specialized cells called neurons that transmit signals throughout the body.
In a laboratory setting, eating and drinking are generally not permitted in the main laboratory areas where potentially hazardous materials and experiments are conducted. However, in some laboratories, there may be designated clean areas or break rooms where eating and drinking are allowed.
One of the most crucial ways to prevent the spread of infection during phlebotomy or any medical procedure is by washing hands thoroughly and regularly.
Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, carry oxygen from the lungs to body tissue via arterial blood vessels and return carbon dioxide from body tissues to the lungs via venous blood arteries. Hemoglobin is a component of every red blood cell. A molecule of oxygen or carbon dioxide can go in and out of hemoglobin. Consider oxygenating the entire body one little molecule at a time.
Negligence by a professional person, such as a healthcare provider or any other licensed professional, is typically referred to as malpractice. Malpractice refers to a professional's failure to provide the standard of care or level of skill and competence that is expected in their field, resulting in harm or injury to a patient or client.
The body's biggest filter is the liver, which contributes to the circulatory and digestive systems and weighs about three pounds. Over 500 life-sustaining processes are carried out by the liver, a crucial organ. The liver carries out the filtering and disintegration of all substances, including metabolic wastes and chemicals. Death will take place in less than twenty-four hours without this function. Filtration is done on nutrients, vitamins, and fluids. The liver stores some vitamins before they are distributed to bodily tissues. The liver also filters the blood, eliminating bacteria, debris, and old blood cells. The liver produces bile, which is essential for digestion. Additionally, it stores energy as glycogen.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system, specifically targeting and damaging CD4+ T cells, which are crucial for maintaining a healthy immune response.
