Explanation:
Left heart catheterization is commonly used to assess Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy (CAV) in heart transplant recipients by directly visualizing the coronary arteries and assessing for any abnormalities or signs of vasculopathy. This procedure allows for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of cardiac health post-transplant.
Explanation:
UNOS, the United Network for Organ Sharing, prioritizes organ allocation based on both medical urgency and biological matching. Medical urgency refers to how urgently a patient needs the organ to survive or improve their health, while biological matching ensures that the organ is compatible with the recipient's body to reduce the risk of rejection. Both factors are crucial in determining the most suitable recipient for a donated organ.
Explanation:
Blood Type AB is considered the universal recipient because individuals with this blood type can receive transfusions of red blood cells from donors of any blood type (A, B, AB, or O) without experiencing a transfusion reaction. This is because Blood Type AB individuals do not have antibodies against the A or B antigens present on the donor red blood cells.
Explanation:
The left kidney is often preferred for transplantation due to its longer renal vein, making surgical implantation easier. Additionally, the left kidney typically has a longer renal artery, providing better access for anastomosis during the transplant procedure.
Explanation:
A normal heart rate post-heart transplant typically ranges around 100 beats per minute. This elevated heart rate is common due to the denervation of the transplanted heart, resulting in increased sympathetic tone and reduced parasympathetic tone.
Explanation:
These symptoms may indicate intestinal rejection in transplant patients. It's essential to monitor patients for these signs as part of post-transplant care to detect rejection early and intervene promptly.
Explanation:
In pediatric living donor liver transplants, the left lateral segment is commonly donated because it is proportionally smaller and suitable for pediatric recipients, reducing the risk of complications and promoting successful outcomes.
Explanation:
Unlike organs such as the heart, liver, and lung, which are allocated based on urgency and medical need, kidney allocation is primarily based on factors such as tissue compatibility (HLA matching) and time on the waiting list. This is because kidney transplantation is typically performed before patients reach a critical condition, and patients can receive dialysis treatment while waiting for a suitable kidney match. Therefore, kidney allocation is not solely determined by urgency.
Explanation:
Cold ischemia time refers to the duration the organ is preserved outside the body before transplantation. For hearts, the typical cold ischemia time is around 4 hours to maintain organ viability and function post-transplantation.
Explanation:
Bronchiolitis obliterans is the term used to describe chronic rejection in lung transplant patients, characterized by inflammation and scarring of the small airways in the lungs. This condition can lead to progressive airflow obstruction and a decline in lung function over time.
Explanation:
Candidates who have previously donated a kidney may be given priority listing for a kidney transplant as a recognition of their past altruistic act and willingness to donate. This prioritization acknowledges their contribution to the transplant process and encourages organ donation.
