Explanation:
The description provided is correct and corresponds to Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM). RCM is a type of cardiomyopathy that is characterized by a stiffening of the heart muscles, which reduces the heart's ability to fill with blood during the relaxation phase (diastole). The heart's size may appear normal, but the walls of the ventricles are stiff and non-compliant, resembling a "brick wall." As a result, the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to diastolic heart failure. Over time, as the disease progresses, systolic dysfunction can also occur. RCM is the least common type of cardiomyopathy and can have various causes, including amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and scarring due to radiation therapy.
Explanation:
The second heart sound (S2) is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves. During the cardiac cycle, the heart contracts to pump blood out to the body and lungs. As the heart relaxes and begins to fill with blood again, the aortic and pulmonary valves close, creating the S2 sound. The closure of these valves is important in preventing blood from flowing backward and ensuring that it is pumped in the correct direction. The S2 heart sound can be heard using a stethoscope and is a normal component of a healthy cardiac cycle.
Explanation:
The five A's are a framework used in healthcare to guide patient-centered communication and behavior change interventions.
Explanation:
Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) refers to the resistance to blood flow offered by the peripheral blood vessels, which includes the arterioles, capillaries, and venules. The diameter of the blood vessels and the tone of the vascular musculature are major determinants of PVR. When the diameter of the blood vessels decreases due to constriction or obstruction, PVR increases, resulting in increased resistance to blood flow and increased blood pressure. Similarly, when the diameter of the blood vessels increases due to dilation or relaxation, PVR decreases, resulting in decreased resistance to blood flow and decreased blood pressure. PVR is an important factor in the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow in the body.
Explanation:
An opening snap is a type of heart sound that can be heard during a physical exam of the heart. It can be associated with mitral stenosis, which is a condition where the mitral valve, located between the left atrium and ventricle of the heart, becomes narrowed or stiffened.
Explanation:
The correct answer is Preload
Explanation:
The symptoms described can be potential undesirable effects of beta-blockers (BBs) when taken in certain individuals or in high doses. BBs are a type of medication that works by blocking the effects of the hormone adrenaline (epinephrine) in the body. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure.
