"Juxtapose" means to place things side by side for the purpose of comparison or contrast.
"Ambiguous" refers to something that is unclear or has more than one possible meaning.
"Convoluted" means something that is excessively complex and hard to understand or follow.
"Quantitative" refers to data or information that is measurable and can be represented numerically.
"Paradigm" refers to a set of theories or models that represent a particular worldview or approach.