DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning each new DNA molecule consists of one original parent strand and one newly synthesized strand. It occurs during the S-phase of the cell cycle and requires RNA primers to initiate synthesis.
Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork, enabling the replication machinery to access the template strands. Topoisomerase relieves supercoiling caused by unwinding.
RNA polymerase synthesis RNA in the 5' to 3' direction using one strand of DNA as the template. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and the RNA detaches from the DNA template once transcription is complete.
Post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotic mRNA include adding a 5' cap, splicing to remove introns, and polyadenylation at the 3' end. Primer are used in DNA replication, not in mRNA modification.
tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids to the ribosome and match them to their corresponding codons on the mRNA using the anticodon sequence.
