The death penalty was abolished in Pennsylvania for all crimes save murder during the 17th century. Early jails, also referred to as "workhouses," were built to provide inmates with a way to contribute to society while they were detained for a while. This was mostly brought about by the Quaker faith's emphasis on humanitarian punishment.
Social justice is an idea that encompasses all aspects of civilized life and is linked to fundamental notions of fairness, equality, and cultural beliefs about what is right and wrong. It refers to the fair and equitable distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges in society, with a focus on addressing social inequalities and promoting the well-being of all individuals.
Even now, hanging is a rare yet legal method of execution. Additionally, states are permitted to employ guillotine, electrocution, fatal injection, hanging, and even fire squads.
Civil justice refers to the legal system and processes that pertain to private rights and remedies sought through civil actions. It encompasses the civil law, which governs the relationships and disputes between individuals, organizations, or entities, as well as the law of civil procedure, which outlines the rules and procedures for handling civil cases in courts.
The criminal justice perspective that emphasizes individual rights at all stages of the justice system processing is known as the due process model. The due process model is based on the principle that individuals accused of crimes should be afforded certain procedural safeguards and protections to ensure fairness and protect their rights.
Booking is the law enforcement or correctional administrative process that officially records an entry into detention after arrest. It involves documenting essential information about the individual, the arrest, and the circumstances surrounding it. This includes identifying the person through personal details such as name, date of birth, and physical description. The place, time, reason for the arrest, and the arresting authority are also recorded during the booking process.
Electronic monitoring is less expensive than incarceration in a county jail, a state prison, or a federal prison. EM saves federal agencies $920 on average while saving local governments $580 each participant. (source: J. Roman, Urban Institute, Washington, DC, 2012).
