Laws that classify individuals based on their gender or legitimacy are subject to the rational basis test. Under this test, the law will be upheld if it is rationally related to a legitimate government interest.
The Miranda warning, derived from the Fifth Amendment, requires law enforcement to inform individuals of their rights to remain silent and have an attorney present during custodial interrogations.
The right to trial by jury is guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment and ensures that individuals accused of crimes have the opportunity to have their case heard and decided by a jury of their peers.
Laws that classify individuals based on gender are subject to intermediate scrutiny. This standard requires the government to show that the law is substantially related to an important government interest.
The Eighth Amendment protects individuals from cruel and unusual punishment and excessive fines and bail.
The Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment prohibits the government from taking private property for public use without providing just compensation to the property owner.
The Supremacy Clause, found in Article VI of the Constitution, establishes that federal law is the supreme law of the land, and state laws cannot conflict with federal laws or the Constitution.
The Fifth Amendment protects individuals from being tried twice for the same offense, also known as double jeopardy.
Laws that classify individuals based on their race are subject to strict scrutiny. This standard requires the government to demonstrate that the law serves a compelling government interest and is narrowly tailored to achieve that interest.
he rational basis test is used to determine whether a law that restricts speech is constitutionally permissible. Under this test, the law will be upheld if it is rationally related to a legitimate government interest.
The Second Amendment protects the right of individuals to keep and bear arms for self-defense and other lawful purposes.
The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits states from depriving individuals of their fundamental rights without fair and lawful procedures.
The Fifth Amendment protects individuals from being compelled to incriminate themselves, also known as the right against self-incrimination.
Interstate Commerce Clause. Congress has the authority to regulate interstate commerce under the Interstate Commerce Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution.
The Full Faith and Credit Clause, found in Article IV of the Constitution, requires that states recognize and honor the laws, judgments, and court proceedings of other states.
The Establishment Clause prohibits the government from endorsing or promoting a specific religion. This principle is also known as the "no endorsement" principle.
