Decision-making and problem solving are used in all management functions, but they are primarily considered part of the planning phase.
Programmed decisions are repetitive, follow predetermined rules, and are based on previous successful outcomes, often using company policies.
The rational model assumes a rational and completely informed decision-maker who follows steps like intelligence, design, choice, and review to make decisions.
Information collection in decision-making involves understanding the organizational environment and its factors to make informed choices.
Unprogrammed decisions involve new or novel scenarios without proven answers, requiring unique and tailored decision-making solutions.
Engineering management involves applying engineering principles to business practices, combining technological problem-solving with organizational, administrative, and planning abilities.
The political view sees decision-making as a personalized bargaining process driven by participants' agendas, rather than rational processes.
