FREE AST Analyzing Arguments Questions and Answers

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of a counterargument in a persuasive essay?

Accepted Answer

To strengthen the writer's argument by addressing opposing views

Answer

The primary purpose of a counterargument in a persuasive essay is to acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints. By presenting and then refuting or mitigating these counterarguments, the writer demonstrates a thorough understanding of the issue and strengthens their own argument, making it appear more robust and credible to the reader.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a logical fallacy?

Accepted Answer

"You can’t trust her opinion on climate change because she isn’t a scientist."

Answer

The statement "You can’t trust her opinion on climate change because she isn’t a scientist" is an example of an ad hominem fallacy. This fallacy attacks the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself. It dismisses the opinion based on the speaker's credentials or character, rather than evaluating the merits of their actual claims or evidence.

Question 3

What is the role of evidence in an argument?

Accepted Answer

To support the claims made by the author

Answer

Evidence is fundamental to any argument, serving the crucial role of supporting the claims made by the author. It provides the factual basis, data, examples, or expert opinions necessary to convince the audience that the author's assertions are credible and well-founded. Without evidence, claims are merely unsubstantiated opinions.

Question 4

If a writer states, "Since A happened after B, B must have caused A," which fallacy is present?

Accepted Answer

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer

The fallacy "Since A happened after B, B must have caused A" is known as Post hoc ergo propter hoc. This Latin phrase translates to "after this, therefore because of this." It incorrectly assumes that because one event followed another, the first event must have caused the second, without considering other potential factors or coincidences.

Question 5

Which question would best help you evaluate the strength of an argument?

Accepted Answer

"Are the claims supported by credible evidence?"

Answer

The strength of an argument is primarily determined by the quality and credibility of the evidence supporting its claims. An argument is strong if its assertions are backed by reliable, relevant, and sufficient evidence from trustworthy sources. Evaluating the evidence directly assesses the logical foundation and persuasiveness of the argument.

AST - ACT Scaling Test Practice Test

AST - ACT Scaling Test Practice Test

FREE AST Analyzing Arguments Questions and Answers