In the growth and development of social movements, the correct order of stages is as follows: it begins with the preliminary stage, where grievances and issues gain attention and initial organization occurs; then it progresses to the coalescence stage, where collective action and mobilization intensify; next, it reaches the institutionalization stage, where the movement's goals and activities become more formalized and integrated into society; and finally, it may encounter the decline stage, where the movement's momentum decreases and its influence wanes over time.
Cultural relativism is the viewpoint that emphasizes understanding each culture based on its own distinctive values, beliefs, and customs without imposing external standards or judgments from other cultures. This approach acknowledges the diversity and complexity of human societies and aims to promote tolerance and respect for cultural differences.
Social Imagination is the term used to describe how individuals comprehend and interpret their own and others' pasts by considering the broader historical and social context. It involves the ability to connect personal experiences with larger societal forces, enabling individuals to view their lives and experiences within the framework of historical events, social structures, and cultural influences.
These four options accurately represent the main branches or subdivisions of anthropology. Biological anthropology focuses on the study of human evolution, genetics, and physical characteristics. Archaeology examines past human cultures through the analysis of artifacts and remains. Linguistic anthropology explores the evolution and use of languages among human populations. Cultural anthropology studies the customs, beliefs, and practices of human societies, encompassing their social, economic, and cultural aspects.
The Iron Rule of Oligarchy posits that in large organizations, power and decision-making tend to concentrate in the hands of a small group of elites or leaders rather than being ruled collectively by all members. This theory suggests that as organizations grow in size and complexity, they become more susceptible to oligarchic control, undermining the ideal of equal participation and democratic decision-making within the organization.
Mother's Against Drunk Driving (MADD) is an example of a reform movement because it seeks to bring about change and improvements within the existing social and legal systems to address the issue of drunk driving and advocate for safer roads and stricter laws against impaired driving.
A social movement refers to a deliberately organized group of individuals who come together to work collectively towards achieving a shared social goal or addressing a specific issue. It involves mobilizing people around a common cause to bring about social change or advocate for particular reforms in society.
Among the given choices, "social networking" is not considered a manifest function of education. Manifest functions are the intended and visible purposes of an institution or system, and in the context of education, they include social control (teaching norms and values), social placement (assigning individuals to suitable roles in society), and socialization (transmitting knowledge and skills to new generations). "Social networking," on the other hand, refers to the use of online platforms to connect and interact with others in a social context, which is not a primary and intentional purpose of formal education systems.
Holism is the term used to describe the process of comprehensively studying all aspects and components of a culture in order to gain a holistic understanding of the entire culture. It involves analyzing the interconnections and interdependencies among different cultural elements to form a complete and integrated perspective on how the culture functions as a whole.
Functionalism is the concept that suggests culture operates similar to biological organisms, with different elements working together to support the overall functioning and continuity of the entire cultural system. This perspective views cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions as serving specific functions that contribute to the stability and cohesion of society.
Power Elite Theory is not considered a functionalist approach to the study of deviance. The functionalist perspective focuses on how deviance and social control contribute to the stability and functionality of society, whereas Power Elite Theory, also known as Elite Theory, examines how power and decision-making are concentrated among a small, dominant group in society, without directly addressing the functional aspects of deviance.
This term refers to the sensation or perception of being spiritually connected to the Divine or a higher power. It encompasses personal encounters with the sacred or transcendent, often involving intense emotions, feelings of awe, and a sense of divine presence, which can vary widely among individuals and across different religious traditions.
Conflict Theory posits that deviance arises from social and economic disparities and the presence of systemic inequality or injustice in society. According to this perspective, individuals or groups engaging in deviant behavior may do so in response to oppressive conditions or as a form of resistance against dominant power structures. In contrast, the other choices (genetic predisposition, lack of moral values, and peer pressure) do not align with Conflict Theory's core ideas about the root causes of deviance.
This answer explains the differences between closed and open systems of stratification in terms of social mobility and social interaction. Closed systems have limited opportunities for individuals to move between social classes or layers, and there is minimal interaction between these classes. On the other hand, open systems offer more chances for social mobility, allowing individuals to move up or down the social ladder, and there is generally more interaction between different social strata.
Street crimes are the term used to describe offenses committed by ordinary individuals against each other or local institutions, often taking place in public or communal areas.
Culture is the term used to describe the acquired, communal behaviors, and beliefs that individuals learn and share within a society or social group. It encompasses various aspects, including customs, traditions, values, language, art, and other shared elements that shape the way of life and identity of a particular group of people.
