MMC (Maximum Material Condition) and LMC (Least Material Condition) are symbols used in Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) to specify the limits of size features such as holes and shafts.
A Run Chart is a useful tool to show patterns and trends in a row of data points. It is a simple line graph that displays data points in sequential order along the x-axis, usually representing time or another relevant variable. The y-axis represents the value of the data being measured or observed.
By plotting data points in chronological order, a Run Chart allows for the visual examination of patterns and trends over time. This graphical representation helps in understanding the behavior and variation of a process or system. Run Charts can indicate shifts, trends, cycles, or unusual patterns in the data, providing insights into the stability and performance of a process.
A Material Review Board (MRB) is responsible for analyzing and dispositioning nonconforming material within an organization.
When nonconforming material is identified during inspections, quality control processes, or incoming material inspections, it is flagged as not meeting the required specifications or standards. The MRB is then tasked with evaluating these nonconforming materials to determine the appropriate course of action, or disposition, for each item.
The reduction or elimination of incoming inspection stations should be considered only when there is evidence of supplier process control techniques for the material used. This practice is known as Supplier Process Control (SPC).
The best definition of a flowchart is a picture or diagram that is used to represent a process or workflow in sequential order. Flowcharts are graphical representations that use various symbols and arrows to illustrate the steps or activities involved in a process, the decision points, and the flow of information or materials.
To achieve quality more economically, the company should focus on prevention costs. Prevention costs are investments made upfront to prevent quality issues and defects from occurring in the first place. By implementing effective prevention measures, organizations can reduce the occurrence of errors, rework, scrap, and other costly quality problems.
The Cause and Effect Diagram is also called the Fishbone or Ishikawa diagram. It is called Fishbone Diagram because it looks like a fishbone. It is called the Ishikawa diagram because it was developed by Kaoru Ishikawa in Japan in the 1950s.
The audit team leader is typically responsible for determining whether a follow-up response is sufficient to close out an internal audit.
After an internal audit is conducted, the audit team compiles the audit findings and communicates them to the audited entity or management. In response to the audit findings, the audited entity is expected to provide corrective actions or action plans to address any identified issues or non-conformities.
The objectives and elements of an audit program must be aligned with the organization's overall strategy and goals.
An audit program is a systematic and planned approach to conducting audits within an organization. It outlines the scope, objectives, and procedures for conducting various types of audits, such as financial audits, internal audits, compliance audits, or process audits.
The cost of getting a company certified to ISO 9001 certification is considered a prevention cost in the context of quality costs.
Prevention costs are incurred to prevent defects or quality issues from occurring in the first place. These costs are invested in activities and processes designed to ensure that products or services meet the required quality standards. In the case of obtaining ISO 9001 certification, the company invests in various activities to establish and maintain a quality management system that aligns with the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard.
The tool that best represents the relationship between two variables, x and y, where x increases or decreases with y, is a Scatter Plot.
A scatter plot is a graphical representation that displays individual data points as dots on a two-dimensional plane, with one variable plotted along the x-axis and the other variable plotted along the y-axis. Each data point represents a specific value for both x and y. By plotting the data points, patterns or trends in the relationship between the variables can be observed.
Cost of quality refers to costs incurred while ensuring that you get high-quality deliverables. It also includes the cost of dealing with any defects in your work. This is different from the cost of production, which refers to the total amount spent on labour and materials.
25 is the recommended minimum number of subgroups necessary to calculate the limits for a control chart in many cases. However, this guideline is not set in stone, and the number of subgroups required can vary depending on the specific situation and the nature of the process being monitored.
If historical data indicates that a gage has consistently shown satisfactory calibration performance, it may be appropriate to lengthen the calibration interval for that particular gage. However, any decision to extend the calibration interval should be made based on a thorough evaluation of several factors and in accordance with established procedures and industry standards.
V-anvil types of micrometers are best suited for detecting external out-of-roundness on a cylindrical part.
A V-anvil micrometer, also known as a "V-micrometer" or "V-block micrometer," has V-shaped anvils instead of flat ones. The V-anvil design allows the micrometer to better accommodate cylindrical parts and provides more contact points around the circumference of the part being measured.
The cost of quality-related training in a product quality cost system is categorized as prevention costs.
Prevention costs are expenses incurred to prevent defects or quality issues from occurring in the first place. They are proactive investments made to ensure that products or services are designed, produced, and delivered with high quality. Training plays a crucial role in preventing quality problems by equipping employees with the necessary skills, knowledge, and awareness to perform their tasks effectively and meet quality standards.
